OBJECTIVES Foam sclerotherapy effectiveness mainly depends on the concentration of the sclerosing agent and foam stability. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of glycerol at different concentrations contributes to the stability of polidocanol foam. MATERIALS AND METHODS CONTROL GROUP 3% polidocanol. Group 1: polidocanol 3% + glycerin 1.66%. Group 2: polidocanol 3%...

BACKGROUND Foam sclerotherapy is an increasingly popular modality in varicose vein treatment. Our previous work showed that the half-life of room air foam varied according to the percentage and type of sclerosant solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS A plastic connector was used to create foam made from a combination of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and room air, carbon dioxi...

This chapter describes basic parameters, such as surface forces and film elasticity, affecting the stability of foams (two-phase froths). I used the thin film pressure balance (TFPB) technique to measure the surface forces in foam films stabilized with various frothers such as pentanol, octanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and polypropylene glycol (PPG). The results were compared with the ...

Polyurethane foam (PUF) is an outstanding material for various applications, which is manufactured by propelling liquid isocyanate-polyol mixture to form foams in the presence of blowing agent. In order to reduce the ozone depletion and environmental pollution from organic blowing agents, waterblown PU foams were prepared with various water levels (311phr), and the effects of water level on mec...

Heating protein with polysaccharide under neutral or near neutral pH can induce the formation of soluble complex with improved functional properties. The objective of our research was to investigate the effects of λ-carrageenan (λC) concentrations and pH on foaming properties of heated whey protein isolate (WPI) and λC soluble complex (h-cpx) in comparison to heated WPI with added λC (pWPI-λC),...

We evaluated the relative contributions of various phospholipids to the formation of foam in the amniotic fluid "foam stability test", by use of an artificial system of saline, ethanol, and dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine to determine the relationship between dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine concentration, ethanol volume fraction, and the threshold of formation of stable foam. At dipal...

Beer brewing is an intricate process encompassing mixing and further elaboration of four essential raw materials, including barley malt, brewing water, hops and yeast. Particularly hops determine to a great extent typical beer qualities such as bitter taste, hoppy flavour, and foam stability. Conversely, hop-derived bitter acids account for an offending lightstruck flavour, which is formed on e...

Foaming properties of dilute aqueous nonionic fluorinated surfactants, perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide ethoxylate, C8F17SO2N (C3H7)(CH2CH2O)nH (abbreviated as C8F17EOn, n = 10, 20) has been studied at 25°C. Both the surfactants produced a large volume of foams that are stable for several hours to a few days depending upon the surfactant concentration. The foam stability increases with increasing the...

The functionality of casein that was precipitated by batch by a novel process using CO2 was investigated for solubility in water and NaCl, foam stability, overrun, emulsion activity index, and emulsion stability. These properties were compared with those of acidified casein and Na caseinate prepared in the laboratory, commercial acid casein, and commercial Na caseinate and Ca caseinates. The pH...