Background of the Study: Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important staple food crop that feed over half global population and it has become cereal provides a major source calories for urban rural poor in Africa. second most after maize Ghana its consumption keeps increasing as result growth, urbanization change consumer habits. yield across far below achievable yield. The need rice depends not only...

Competition between young of the same brood or litter is of particular interest in the fields of behavioural and evolutionary ecology, because the competing individuals are likely to be closely related, where evolutionary theory predicts a greater degree of cooperation. Studies of cooperative breeding species typically concentrate on who contributes care to rearing young, and assume a passive r...

Empirical data suggest that low levels of promiscuity have played a key role in the evolution of cooperative breeding and eusociality. However, from a theoretical perspective, low levels of promiscuity can favour dispersal away from the natal patch, and have been argued to select against cooperation in a way that cannot be explained by inclusive fitness theory. Here, we use an inclusive fitness...

BACKGROUND Repeat-breeder females increase non-productive days (NPD) and decrease herd productivity and profitability. The objectives of the present study were 1) to define severe repeat-breeder (SRB) females in commercial breeding herds, 2) to characterize the pattern of SRB occurrences across parities, 3) to examine factors associated with SRB risk, and 4) to compare lifetime reproductive per...

In cooperative breeders, sexually mature subordinates can either queue for chances to inherit the breeding position in their natal group, or disperse to reproduce independently. The choice of one or the other option may be flexible, as when individuals respond to attractive dispersal options, or they may reflect fixed life-history trajectories. Here, we show in a permanently marked, natural pop...

A high incidence (about 70%) of alteration in endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile, i.e., loss of 2 peaks on days 2-4 and 13-14, has been linked to a reduced fertility in multiparous repeat breeder Holstein cows. However, the EGF profile in Holstein heifers and other breeds (types) of cattle has not been investigated. In study 1, EGF concentrations were determined using endometrial...

After some 70 years of debate on density-dependent regulation of animal populations, there is still poor understanding of where spatial and temporal density dependence occurs. Clearly defining the portion of the population that shapes density-dependent patterns may help to solve some of the ambiguities that encircle density dependence and its patterns. In fact, individuals of the same species a...

Heliculture (also sometimes called heliculture or simply snail farming) is the human activity of collecting, breeding, and growing edible species land snails for food cosmetic purposes. The meat caviar are eaten, mucus used as a cosmetic. Breeding in artificial conditions profitable business that few people know about which can bring lot pleasure good income. In our country, exotic, many Europe...

Various breeding plans are available to animal breeders, and the choice of a plan is influenced by many factors, including the type of animal and the particular aspect of its performance in which the breeder is interested. This paper is designed to review briefly the factors which govern the choice of a plan in relation to sheep-breeding for wool production, particularly under Australian condit...