Bioenergy from forest residues can be used to avoid fossil carbon emissions, but removing biomass from forests reduces carbon stock sizes and carbon input to litter and soil. The magnitude and longevity of these carbon stock changes determine how effective measures to utilize bioenergy from forest residues are to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy sector and to mitigate clima...

Among terrestrial environments, forests are not only the largest long-term sink of atmospheric carbon (C), but are also susceptible to global change themselves, with potential consequences including alterations of C cycles and potential C emission. To inform global change risk assessment of forest C across large spatial/temporal scales, this study constructed and evaluated a basic risk framewor...

BACKGROUND Historic carbon emissions are an important foundation for proposed efforts to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and enhance forest carbon stocks through conservation and sustainable forest management (REDD+). The level of uncertainty in historic carbon emissions estimates is also critical for REDD+, since high uncertainties could limit climate benefits from c...

In Finland, the forest inventory for the forest management planning has traditionally been based on visual inventory by stands. In this method, the forest stands that are delineated on aerial photographs on the basis of their growing stock and site-related characteristics are measured or estimated in the field. The method is considered too labour-intensive, and it requires a large amount of fie...

BACKGROUND Spatially explicit forest carbon (C) monitoring aids conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, yet few approaches have been developed specifically for the highly heterogeneous landscapes of oceanic island chains that continue to undergo rapid and extensive forest C change. We developed an approach for rapid mapping of aboveground C density (ACD; units = Mg or metric tons C ...

In 1948 the United States Forest Service drastically reduced grazing permits for the El Rito Ranger District in the Carson National Forest in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. The decision was based on a 1947 case study in which local forest rangers claimed that smallholder Hispano ranchers “caused surrounding national forest ranges to become depleted of vegetative cover to such an extent that a r...

We estimate the effects of neighbors’ deforestation actions on individuals’ deforestation decisions in Costa Rica. We find evidence that neighbors’ effects are positive and significant. To address simultaneity and spatially correlated unobservable factors, we instrument for neighboring deforestation using neighboring land parcel characteristics. Under the presence of interactions, local forest ...

A BSTRACT According to the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem, the net exports of a region are determined by relative abundance of the immobile factors of production. Empirical tests of this theory, usually at a high level of aggregation, have frequently not supported it. We find, instead, that data on interstate trade in wood products within the United States are in strong agreement with the theore...

Computer simulation has been widely used in various fields of ecology with the cross-integration between the various disciplines. As the largest organic carbon (C) pool in terrestrial ecosystems, forest plays an important role in regulating the global C balance and mitigating the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Combined with forest inventory data and literature, this study analyzed t...