A systematic way of defining variants of a modeling language is useful for adopting the language to domain or project specific needs. Variants can be obtained by adopting the syntax or semantics of the language. In this paper, we take a formal approach to define modeling language variability and show how this helps to reason about language variants, models, and their semantics formally. We intr...

This paper presents a diagnostic framework for assessing the significance of inconsistencies (i.e., violations of consistency rules) in software design models expressed in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The assessment is based on significance criteria that software designers can specify and associate with specific consistency rules. These criteria define characteristics that the model ele...

Model checking is an automatic technique for software verification through which all reachable states are generated from an initial state to finding errors and desirable patterns. In the model checking approach, the behavior and structure of system should be modeled. Graph transformation system is a graphical formal modeling language to specify and model the system. However, modeling of large s...

This article presents a formalization of parts of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) w.r.t. the domain of modeling time-dependant manufacturing systems. The formalization approach is based upon a set of identified general formalization steps. We investigate the applicability of UML class diagrams, Statecharts, and UML’s textual Object Constraint Language (OCL) to model manufacturing systems an...

Currently,modeling for software is mostly semiformal, such as UML(Unified Modeling Language).The main problem is difficult to analyze semantics and verify correctness for a vital system.CPN(Colored Petri Net)as modeling and verification method provides formal semantics and a number of analysis techniques and tools.This paper presents an approach of formal modeling and validation for software pr...

The Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS) language is a formal, executable, object-oriented, concurrent modeling language intended for behavioral modeling of complex software systems that exhibit a high degree of variation, such as software product lines. We give an overview of the architectural aspects of ABS: a feature-driven development workflow, a formal notion of deployment components fo...

Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for information retrieval have always been studied outside the framework of formal models of information retrieval. In this article, we introduce a new formal model of information retrieval based on the application of statistical language models. Simple natural language processing techniques that are often used for information retrieval – we...

Despite its origins in software modeling, there has been growing interest in using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for conceptual modeling of application domains. However, the UML has many constructs that are purely software oriented. Consequently, the suitability of the UML for modeling “real world” phenomena has been questioned. This research aims to assign real-world semantics to a core ...

XML is universally recognized as the standard document format for the purpose of inter change and device independent presentation Literature shows many e orts towards the devel opment of formal and conceptual models for XML although no commonly accepted model exists as yet In this paper we present a survey of some formal and conceptual modeling techniques and discuss the merits and shortcomings...

The UML has recently been extended by an Object Constraint Language (OCL). This formal language can be used for specifying constraints on a model in order to restrict possible system states. We present some examples for illustrating main concepts of OCL. Problems with the current deenition of OCL resulting from imprecise or ambiguous deenitions are investigated. A comparison of OCL with a langu...