OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to present, compare, and discuss the kinematic response of children and child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during emergency braking events in different restraint configurations in a passenger vehicle. METHODS A driving study was conducted on a closed-circuit test track comprising 16 children aged 4 to 12 years old and the Q3, Hybrid III (HIII)...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between spine alignment and shoulder elevation in a kyphotic elderly population. Twenty-three consecutive female patients who underwent balloon kyphoplasty for spinal compression fractures without shoulder symptoms were examined (mean age, 76 ± 6.3 years). Thoracic kyphosis angle (TK), lumbar lordosis angle (LL), and pelvic tilt angle (...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify shoulder muscle fatigue during repetitive exertions similar to motions found in automobile assembly tasks. BACKGROUND Shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common and costly problem in automotive manufacturing. METHOD Ten subjects participated in the study. There were three independent variables: shoulder angle, frequency, and ...

[Purpose] This study investigated the differences in shoulder muscles activities during shoulder abduction between a forward shoulder posture group and asymptomatic group. [Subjects] Seven males with forward shoulder posture (FHS) and seven asymptomatic males were recruited. [Methods] We measured the upper and middle trapezius (UT and MT), serratus anterior (SA), and clavicle portion of the pec...

QUESTION Is neck/shoulder pain in adolescents related to their sitting spinal posture, taking account of gender? DESIGN Cross-sectional survey and direct observation. PARTICIPANTS 1597 adolescents from the 'Raine' birth cohort study (781 females, 816 males) with a mean age of 14.1 years (SD 0.2). OUTCOME MEASURES Neck/shoulder pain prevalence and gender was measured by survey. Spinal post...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an active vibration stimulus exercise according to shoulder joint angles on functional reach and stability of the shoulder joint. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty healthy male students participated in this study. Upper limb length of each subject was measured to obtain normalized measurement values. The exercise groups were as follow...

The aim of the present study was to analyze isokinetic torque production during shoulder extension in competitive swimmers. Nine male competitive swimmers were evaluated during concentric shoulder extension at 60°·s -1 on prone position for both upper limbs. The data suggest that competitive swimmers present asymmetry for peak torque and symmetry for peak torque angle and work during shoulder e...

CHARLES A. THIGPEN: Effects Of Forward Head And Rounded Shoulder Posture On Scapular Kinematics, Muscle Activity, And Shoulder Coordination (Under the direction of Dr. Darin A. Padua) Forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of shoulder pain. The mechanism through which forward head and rounded shoulder can facilitate s...

In the pigeon, as in other members of the three groups of vertebrates which have developed advanced powers of flight—the birds, bats and pterosaurs—the bending and torsional strength of the proximal part of the wing lies in the humerus and radio-ulna. The humerus runs obliquely back from the shoulder joint to the elbow, and from there the radio-ulna runs obliquely forward to the wrist. In fligh...