Fracture repair has previously been shown to be sensitive to mechanical environment, yet the specific relationship between strain character, magnitude and frequency, as well as other mechanical parameters, and tissue formation is not well understood. This study aimed to correlate strain distribution within the healing fracture gap with patterns of tissue formation using a rat model of a healing...

many large oil and gas fields in the most productive world regions happen to be fractured. the exploration and development of these reservoirs is a true challenge for many operators. these difficulties are due to uncertainties in geological fracture properties such as aperture, length, connectivity and intensity distribution. to successfully address these challenges, it is paramount to improve ...

Dissolution of nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) from variable-aperture fractures couples fluid flow, transport of the dissolved NAPL, interphase mass transfer, and the corresponding NAPL-water-interface movement. Each of these fundamental processes is controlled by fracture-aperture variability and entrapped-NAPL geometry. We develop a depth-averaged computational model of dissolution that inco...

Many geological formations consist of crystalline rock that have very low matrix permeability but allow flow through an interconnected network of fractures. Understanding the flow of groundwater through such rocks is important in considering disposal of radioactive waste in underground repositories. A specific area of interest is the conditioning of fracture transmissivities on measured values ...

Discrete fracture network (DFN) model simulations, where a fracture network can have a natural heterogeneity, is one of the most effective approaches in fluid flow analyses for naturally fractured and enhanced geothermal reservoirs. In the DFN model simulations, fractures are modeled by a pair of parallel smooth plates although real fractures have rough surfaces. Numerous field and laboratory o...

We introduce a lattice model able to describe damage and yielding in heterogeneous materials ranging from brittle to ductile ones. Ductile fracture surfaces, obtained when the system breaks once the strain is completely localized, are shown to correspond to minimum energy surfaces. The similarity of the resulting fracture paths to the limits of brittle fracture or minimum energy surfaces is qua...

In this paper we seek to relate the influence of the geometry and distribution of fracture aperture to the fluid flow properties of the fracture. Coupling fluid flow and transport experiments to high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) enables tracking of local fluid velocity and particle trajectories, and allows direct quantification of variations caused by surface roughness. ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to analyze the incidence, demographic distribution, type, and etiology of mandible fractures that were treated by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital from January 2002 to December 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive and analytic retrospective study that evaluated 735 patients that wer...

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyse the fracture toughness of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) dental ceramics by means of the Vickers indentation technique. Fracture toughness was analysed under the following loads: 29.42 N, 49.03 N, 196.13 N, and 294.20 N. Cracks that had developed from the vertices of a Vickers indentation were measured and used ...