BACKGROUND Free flap surgery for head and neck defects has gained popularity as an advanced microvascular surgical technique. The aims of this study are first, to determine whether the known risk factors such as comorbidity, tobacco use, obesity, and radiation increase the complications of a free flap transfer, and second, to identify the incidence of complications in a radial forearm free flap...

CONTEXT The internal mammary artery perforator vessels (IMPV) as a recipient in free flap breast reconstruction offer advantages over the more commonly used thoracodorsal vessels and the internal mammary vessels (IMV). AIMS This study was designed to assess the anatomical consistency of the IMPV and the suitability of these vessels for use as recipients in free flap breast reconstruction. P...

813 free perforator flap surgery and always have a second option in mind in case of flap failure. Further, a sufficient understanding of the wound characteristics, donor and recipient vessels, and design for insetting should precede the surgery. Lastly, the skin graft over the muscle flap is less durable than the fasciocutaneous flap and tends to form a callus. To prevent this complication, a p...

BACKGROUND The groin flap, based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery, was the first successful free flap. However, its popularity was lost essentially due to variable arterial anatomy. Clinical applications of perforator flap based on superficial circumflex iliac artery suggest that a dominant perforator based on his deep branch is enough to supply a large groin flap. METHODS Fresh cad...

Performing a greater number of free flap procedures inevitably results in an increase in the number of cases that experience free flap failure. In cases that require a second free flap after the failure of the first, recipient vessel selection becomes difficult. Furthermore, recipient vessel selection can be complicated if the vessel is deep in the recipient site, or if there is an increased ri...

BACKGROUND The reconstruction of ankle and heel defects remains a significant problem for plastic surgeons. The following options exist for reconstructing such defects: local random flaps, reverse flow island flaps, and free flaps. However, each of these methods has certain drawbacks. Peroneal artery perforators have many advantages; in particular, they are predictable and reliable for ankle an...

N and classification of compound perforator flaps can be as complex and convoluted as the vascular anatomy of these multicomponent flaps. The article “The Complete Nomenclature for Combined Perforator Flaps”1 presents the author’s proposed classification and standardized nomenclature for combined perforator flaps. I believe that the author’s classification of compound perforator flaps as either...

Dear Sir, We read with great interest Chowdhry et al’s article about anatomical surface landmarks for predicting perforator location prior to deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap raising. Although the ability to predict the approximate location of a perforator based upon surface anatomical landmarks should reduce the amount of time required for preoperative Doppler assessment of perf...