In this study, different methods for shell splitting and the effect of freezing prior to drying on shell splitting percentage of pistachio were investigated. A completely randomized design was used to investigate the effects of different freezing temperatures (0, -6, -12 and -18°C), different drying temperatures (80, 90 and 100°C) and different cultivars (Akbari and Kalehghouchi) on shell split...

Background: This paper considers whether the development of oocyte freezing raises any new or distinctive ethical issues. It will examine the ethical issues raised by this technique: the ’social’ use of egg freezing and how that might be defined; the use of egg freezing for cancer patients; and limitations and benefits of the technique. Materials and Methods: A consideration of the literature a...

This paper presents a new fast approach for surfaces extraction of tubular structures, such as blood vessels, tracheas, and colons. Since they are usually long and thin, when being extracted with the traditional Minimal Action Surface method, edges leakage problem could not be avoided. So a front freezing criterion based on the front's average energy is developed. To freeze the tail of the fron...

There were developed new methods for freezing and thawing time prediction analysing the effects of water behaviour and product properties. Introduction of a characteristic freezing temperature resulted in the elimination of cryoscopic temperature out of the calculations. Hence, both models got more universality. The models had been comprehensively verified and their high accuracy and full pract...

This paper presents a nite element algorithm based on the adjoint method for the design of a certain class of solidi cation processes. In particular, the paper addresses the design of directional solidi cation processes for pure materials such that a desired freezing front heat ux and growth velocity are achieved. This is the rst time that an in nite-dimensional continuum adjoint formulation is...

In this study, we compared the effects of repeated freezing/thawing of human sperm by our in-house method of rapid freezing with slow programmable freezing. Sperm samples from 11 normozoospermic subjects were processed through density gradients and divided into three aliquots: non-frozen, rapid freezing and slow programmable freezing. Sperm in the rapid freezing group had better motility and vi...

depth of frost penetration is one of the main indices in agriculture, civil and transportation engineering. soil temperature is a function of several factors including: topography, solar radiation, air temperature, moisture content and other physical properties of soil such as thermal capacity, coefficient of heat conductivity, and specific heat. the main objective of the present paper is to de...

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. has been described as a freezing-tolerant species based on freezing-resistance assays. Nonetheless, this type of experiment does not discriminate between freezing-tolerance and freezing-avoidance mechanisms. The purpose of this paper was to determine which of these two freezing-resistance mechanisms is responsible for freezing resistance in A. thaliana. This was...

Problem statement: Boar sperm cells are sensitive to the freezing process, which compromises viability of frozen-thawed sperm. In a constant search for minimizing or suppressing sperm cell damage caused by the temperature and osmolarity changes during the freezing process, crioprotective and antioxidant substances have been added to the freezing media, such as coconut water, in order to increas...

OJIP analysis, which explores changes in photosystem II (PSII) photochemical performance, has been used as a measure of plant susceptibility to stress. However, in the case of freezing tolerance and winter hardiness, which are highly environmentally variable, the use of this method can give ambiguous results depending on the species as well as the sampling year and time. To clarify this issue, ...