In this paper, vibration of the protein microtubule, one of the most important intracellular elements serving as one of the common components among nanotechnology, biotechnology and mechanics, is investigated using stress and strain gradient elasticity theory and orthotropic elastic shells model. Microtubules in the cell are influenced by internal and external stimulation and play a part in con...

Noninvasive measurements of microstructure in materials, cells, and in biological tissues, constitute a unique capability of gradient-assisted NMR. Diffusion-diffraction MR approaches pioneered by Callaghan demonstrated this ability; Oscillating-Gradient Spin-Echo (OGSE) methodologies tackle the demanding gradient amplitudes required for observing diffraction patterns by utilizing constant-freq...

An important component of any spatial temporal gradient motion estimation algorithm is the accuracy by which spatial gradients are calculated. When an image sequence is corrupted by noise, the problem of determining these spatial gradients becomes extremely difficult. This is immediately apparent, since the magnitude response of the derivative operator is j!j. In other words, the components of ...

Introduction: High-performance MRI systems demand the use of digitally controlled switching gradient amplifiers (SGAs) that need complex electronic circuits and control algorithms to achieve not only good image quality but also good power efficiency [1-2]. Moreover, the imaging capabilities of clinical MRI system may be improved by the use of gradient insert coils that achieve gradient amplitud...

Layer II stellate cells at different locations along the dorsal to ventral axis of medial entorhinal cortex show differences in the frequency of intrinsic membrane potential oscillations and resonance (Giocomo et al., 2007). The frequency differences scale with differences in the size and spacing of grid-cell firing fields recorded in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex in behaving animals...