1. The relation of temperature to the pedal rhythm of Balanus balanoides L. has been studied under otherwise constant conditions. 2. The frequency of movement increases with temperature, showing three groups of thermal increments and three critical temperatures. Five animals yielded micro = 5,700 above 14.5 degrees C. and 12,100 below; 3 gave micro = 7,800 above 9.3 degrees and 22,500 below; wh...

Tintinnids are very common in all marine water and even fresh water. The oldest fossils of Tintinnids are not only appeared in Neoproterozoic Era, but also in Mesoproterozoic Calymmian. Eight species of six genera Tintinnids of Mesoproterozoic Calymmian, from Huangmailing Phosphoric Ore in Hubei Province of Central China, are illustrated in this paper. They are the oldest ancestor of Tintinnids...

The economic and environmental viability of dedicated terrestrial energy crops is in doubt. The production of large scale biomass (macroalgae) for biofuels in the marine environment was first tested in the late 1960's. The culture attempts failed due to the engineering challenges of farming offshore. However the energy conversion via anaerobic digestion was successful as the biochemical composi...

Although the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used in a wide variety of industrial applications in the U. S. from 1930 until 1970, when their distribution was voluntarily restricted to closed systems, there is scant information on human exposure to adverse human health effects in the U. S. In the U. S., minimal human exposure of the population to PCBs is limited to food, air, and wate...

Thanks to multiple recirculation of process water, the German paper industry has succeeded in decreasing the specific fresh water demand from an average of 50 m3/t thirty years ago to 13 m3/t today. Although the increasing closure of white water loops creates many problems, it is bound to be part of the German paper industry's ongoing development. For a few years, in the production of packaging...

Viruses which formed plaques on lawns of a eucaryotic, chlorella-like green alga were detected in 37% of the 35 freshwater samples surveyed. Virus populations, monitored in seven locations, fluctuated both qualitatively and quantitatively over an 8-month period.

A method is described whereby dielectrophoresis of algal cells is used to perform rapid water quality analysis, specifically detecting the presence of CuSO4. The dielectric collection spectrum of the fresh water alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined for a range of concentrations of CuSO4 from 25 mg L(-1) to 0.25 mg L(-1) for exposure times of 15 min and 18 h. In all cases increasing the...

The present study demonstrates a methodology for optimization of environmental data acquisition. Based on the premise that the worth of data increases in proportion to its ability to reduce the uncertainty of key model predictions, the methodology can be used to compare the worth of different data types, gathered at different locations within study areas of arbitrary complexity. The method is a...

in an arid country like kuwait with harsh and hot climate conditions, the scarcity of fresh water supplies presents a serious threat to sustainable socio-economic development and growth. kuwait is an oil rich country with capital abundance and coastal locations enabled it to build desalination plants for fresh water production that is sold to the customers at highly subsidized prices. however, ...