The covering approximation space evolves in time due to the explosion of the information, and the characteristic matrixes of coverings viewed as an effective approach to approximating the concept should update with time for knowledge discovery. This paper further investigates the construction of characteristic matrixes without running the matrix acquisition algorithm repeatedly. First, we prese...

Distance or cost matrixes between groups of locations are of paramount importance when solving traveling salesman problems (TSP ) as well as other routing settings. Euclidean distances constitute a gross underestimation of reality. Furthermore, reality, especially in urban transportation, is highly asymmetric. This work studies the effect that asymmetry, geographical location and territory have...

Abstract The different three-phase circuit coordinate transformation matrixes were given in relevant literatures, which might cause some difficulties to understand and apply the coordinate transformation. The paper presented a general expression of the coordinate transformation matrixes in three-phase circuit and pointed out that the coordinate transformation matrixes having different specific ...

Fluorescence measurements are easily made with the aid of a cryogenic fiber optic probe. Emission wavelength time matrixes, excitation emission matrixes, and time-resolved excitation emission matrixes are rapidly collected with a pulsed tunable dye laser, a spectrograph, and an intensified charged-coupled device. Compound identification is based on spectral and lifetime information. The potenti...

The ability of the visual system to detect stimuli that vary along dimensions other than luminance or color--"second-order" stimuli--has been of considerable interest in recent years. An important unresolved issue is whether different types of second-order stimuli are detected by a single, all purpose, mechanism, or by mechanisms that are specific to stimulus type. Using a conventional psychoph...

19 20 A variety of cues can differentiate objects from their surrounds. These include “first-order” cues 21 such as luminance modulations and “second-order” cues involving modulations of orientation 22 and contrast. Human sensitivity to first-order modulations is well described by a computational 23 model involving spatially localized filters that are selective for orientationand spatial freque...

A variety of cues can differentiate objects from their surrounds. These include "first-order" cues such as luminance modulations and "second-order" cues involving modulations of orientation and contrast. Human sensitivity to first-order modulations is well described by a computational model involving spatially localized filters that are selective for orientation and spatial frequency (SF). It i...