This paper is concerned with optimal control of grid-connected solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack based on a model developed and validated in the literature. Recent studies have shown that control of SOFC is challenging due to its slow dynamics and firm operating limits. For an SOFC, while the primary objective is to supply the demand active power, it is crucial to operate fuel cell within its ...

In this study it has been tried, to compare results and convergence rate of sensitivity analysis and conjugate gradient algorithms to reduce fuel consumption and increasing engine performance by optimizing the timing of opening and closing valves in XU7/L3 engine. In this study, considering the strength and accuracy of simulation GT-POWER software in researches on the internal combustion engine...

homogenous charge compression ignition (hcci) engines hold promise of high fuel efficiency and low emission levels for future green vehicles. but in contrast to gasoline and diesel engines, hcci engines suffer from lack of having direct means to initiate combustion. a combustion timing controller with robust tracking performance is the key requirement to leverage hcci application in production ...

As a means of measuring progress towards fuel and emissions reduction targets, the United Kingdom Air Navigation Service Provider NATS developed the 3Di flight efficiency metric. In principle the 3Di score of a flight is calculated by comparing a flown trajectory to a theoretical fuel/CO2 optimum trajectory. In response to a Eurocontrol review of the metric, the 3Di score has been analysed usin...

Heavy duty powertrains are complex systems with components from various domains, different response times during transient operations and different efficient operating ranges. To ensure efficient transient operation of a powertrain, e.g. with low fuel consumption or short transient duration, it is important to come up with proper control strategies. In this dissertation, optimal control theory ...

Usually, the solid-fuel flow of an iron ore sinter plant consists of different types of the solid-fuels, which differ from each other. Information about the composition of the solid-fuel flow usually comes every 8-24 hours. It can be clearly seen that this information cannot be used to control the sintering process in real time. Due to this, we propose an expert system which uses indirect measu...

Two modifications to a reference direct methanol fuel-cell (DMFC) system are considered to improve methanol fuel utilisation. Fuel utilisation can be optimised by minimising the parasitic methanol crossover by manipulating methanol concentration in the fuel cells. Simulations of the two systems indicate that there is considerable potential to increase fuel utilisation for dynamic concentration ...