The distinction between histiotrophic nutrition (in which local macromolecules are chiefly responsible for the maintenance of the embryo) and hemotrophic nutrition (which results from a transfer of material between the maternal and fetal circulations) is made. Placentation in a number of commonly used laboratory animals and in man is described, and it is shown that dependence upon histiotroph a...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an increasing role in the study of speech. This article reviews the MRI literature of anatomical imaging, imaging for acoustic modelling and dynamic imaging. It describes existing imaging techniques attempting to meet the challenges of imaging the upper airway during speech and examines the remaining hurdles and future research directions.

recently, the hypothesis in which memory and information would be stored as magnetic forms in astrocytes is expanding and neuromagnetic interactions between neurons and neighboring astrocytes in neocortex have potential to be the basis of memory formation. it has been proposed that all sorts of information may be maintained in form of neuronal activity-associated magnetic fields (naamfs) and th...

In the prediction of the risk of cardiovascular events, the role of the left ventricle (LV) has been established for a long time, in the general population and especially in patients with heart failure. LV dimensions and systolic function, the latter mainly expressed as ejection fraction, were the first variables investigated; over the years, the role of predictors of cardiovascular outcomes ha...

The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber tract in the brain and connects homological regions of the two cerebral hemispheres. Research with split-brain patients, whose CC has been surgically severed, and neurologically intact groups has shown that the CC is important for sustained and divided attention. Due to its role in attention, the CC is of interest to clinical conditions in which att...

nitric oxide (no) is implicated as an important mediator of, or intermediary in, inflammation, immunity and neurotransmission. in the kidney, no is involved in haemodynamic regulation, control of vascular tone and tubular function. formation of oxygen-derived free radicals (ofr) have been documented in renal ischaemia- reperfusion before. in this study , we investigated the significance of no f...