This document defines the forwarding element (FE) model used in the Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) protocol. The model represents the capabilities, state, and configuration of forwarding elements within the context of the ForCES protocol, so that control elements (CEs) can control the FEs accordingly. More specifically, the model describes the logical functions that are pres...

In this paper, we introduce a special type of SOC-functions which is a vectorvalued function associated with second-order cone. By using it, we construct a type of smoothing functions which converges to the projection function onto second-order cone. Then, we reformulate the system of equalities and inequalities under the order induced by second-order cone as a system of parameterized smooth eq...

In this paper we show how the distance functions generated by neighborhood sequences provides flexibility in image processing algorithms and image database retrieval. Accordingly, we present methods for indexing and segmenting color images, where we use digital distance functions generated by neighborhood sequences to measure distance between colors. Moreover, we explain the usability of neighb...

In this paper we study sparsity-inducing nonconvex penalty functions using Lévy processes. We define such a penalty as the Laplace exponent of a subordinator. Accordingly, we propose a novel approach for the construction of sparsityinducing nonconvex penalties. Particularly, we show that the nonconvex logarithmic (LOG) and exponential (EXP) penalty functions are the Laplace exponents of Gamma a...

Let L be a bounded distributive lattice. In this paper we focus on those functions f : L → L which can be expressed in the language of bounded lattices using variables and constants, the so-called “weighted” lattice polynomial functions. Clearly, such functions must be nondecreasing in each variable, but the converse does not hold in general. Thus it is natural to ask which nondecreasing functi...

BACKGROUND Optimal choices require an accurate neuronal representation of economic value. In economics, utility functions are mathematical representations of subjective value that can be constructed from choices under risk. Utility usually exhibits a nonlinear relationship to physical reward value that corresponds to risk attitudes and reflects the increasing or decreasing marginal utility obta...

the pictures of the textbooks play an important role in the transfer of conceptsand values to students. however, no comprehensive studies have been done onthe functions of pictures and their effects on the students from the genderperspective in the instructional language textbooks in iran. accordingly, thecurrent study is an attempt to evaluate the pictures in iranian high-schoolenglish textboo...