OBJECTIVES To analyse the association of interleukin 10 (IL10) promoter polymorphisms, which have been shown to be related to IL10 secretion capacity, with the response to long term treatment with etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Fifty patients with active RA were treated for up to 4 years (median 39 months, range 3-52) with stable doses of etanercept as monother...

We provide a necessary and a sufficient condition on an individual’s expected utility function under which any zero-mean idiosyncratic risk increases cautiousness (the derivative of the reciprocal of the absolute risk aversion), which is the key determinant for this individual’s demand for options and portfolio insurance. JEL Classification Codes: D51, D58, D81, G11, G12, G13.

It is shown that the absence of call spread, butterfly spread and calendar spread arbitrages is sufficient to exclude all static arbitrages from a set of option price quotes across strikes and maturities on a single underlier.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G10; G12; G13; G14

A stochastic model for pure-jump diffusion (the compound renewal process) can be used as a zero-order approximation and as a phenomenological description of tick-by-tick price fluctuations. This leads to an exact and explicit general formula for the martingale price of a European call option. A complete derivation of this result is presented by means of elementary probabilistic tools. JEL G13

We used PacBio sequencing to assemble the genome of the pristine freshwater isolate Geobacter pickeringii G13(T) into a single 3,618,700-bp circular chromosome polished to 99.999% accuracy (quality value [QV], 50). This isolate shares several features with other Geobacter spp., including genes for degradation of aromatics and an abundance of multiheme c-type cytochromes.

In this paper some upper and lower bounds for the greatest eigenvalues of the PI and vertex PI matrices of a graph G are obtained. Those graphs for which these bounds are best possible are characterized.