The effects of cold climatic conditions on energy partitioning were investigated with 49 Hereford-type steers fed an all-concentrate, barley-based diet in a 2 x 3 factorial comparative slaughter trial. Steers (seven per treatment) were kept either indoors or outdoors (n = 2) and fed at 50, 65, or 80 g of DM/kg of BW.75 (n = 3) for up to 106 d. Mean temperatures were 16.9 +/- 2.7 degrees C and -...

Attempts to meet biodiversity goals through application of the mitigation hierarchy have gained wide traction globally with increased development of public policy, lending standards, and corporate practices. With interest in biodiversity offsets increasing in Latin America, we seek to strengthen the basis for policy development through a review of major environmental licensing policy frameworks...

Tropical forests are among the most species-diverse ecosystems on Earth. Their structures and ecological functions are complex to understand. Functional group is defined as a group of species that play similar roles in an ecosystem. The functional group approach has been regarded as an effective way of linking the compositions of complex ecosystems with their ecological functions. To understand...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya. METHODS Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the three programmes were estimated from a government perspective. Cost data were collected for 2012. Life years gained were estimated based on coverage of reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health services. For Ethio...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a single optimal vaccination strategy exists across countries to deal with a future influenza pandemic by comparing the cost effectiveness of different strategies in various pandemic scenarios for three European countries. DESIGN Economic and epidemic modelling study. SETTINGS General populations in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. DATA SO...

We demonstrate an efficient noise dithering procedure for measuring the power spectrum of a weak spectral doublet with a Fourier-transform spectrometer in which the subthreshold interferogram is measured by a 1-bit analog-to-digital converter without oversampling. In the absence of noise, no information is obtained regarding the doublet spectrum because the modulation term s(x) of its interfero...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder (gp) black seed (bs) and plant premix (gp and bs) in the diet on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology. included 480 hubbard broiler chicks(day-old). there were 4 treatment groups each consisting of 3 replicates. the four dietary treatments consisted of a control (basal diet), basal diet +0.5% gp, basal diet +0....

Thirty six male Chall lambs (four-month old and 26  ±1.5 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into four treatments (nine lambs per treatment) to study the effect of Powerfeed® (a commercial mixture made from wheat processing by-product and wheat bran) on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum sodium and potassium concentration and urine pH. Lambs in control group were fed with...