The European gas market reform triggered new market designs which aimed to achieve competitive natural gas prices, efficiency gains, and security of gas supply. The paper analyses to what extent the effects of regulation-for-competition on economic performance in the form of natural gas prices, network tariffs, efficiency gains, and investments in gas infrastructure can be empirically studied i...

We propose a deenition of \regular synthesis," more general than those suggested by other authors such as Boltyanskii and Brunovsk y, and an even more general notion of \regular presynthesis." We give a complete proof of the corresponding suuciency theorem, a slightly weaker version of which had been stated in an earlier article, with only a rough outline of the proof. We illustrate the strengt...

A current mode sample and hold circuit has been designed to examine if high-precision current processing is possible simultaneously with a circu it to which current mode and switched-current circuits are applied and which operates at high-speed and with low supply voltage. The results are 1 O-bit accuracy, a 20MHz clock, and a 2 V supply voltage. Clock feedthroug h which degrades the precision ...

The ability of diving mammals to forage at depth on a breath hold of air is dependent on gas exchange, both in the lung and in peripheral tissues. Anatomical and physiological adaptations in the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood and peripheral tissues contribute to the remarkable breath-hold capacities of these animals. The end results of these adaptations include efficient venti...

The false lock performance and false lock margin of I-Q Costas loops with matched-filter/sample-and-hold (S&H) arm filters are derived for the case of a random data input with symbols of arbitrary pulse shape.

A discrete-time model is proposed for continuous-time repetitive process. Model is calculated based on the zero order hold on input approach and trapezoidal approximation of output signal on input to the state equation. Numerical examples are presented. Copyright © 2005 IFAC

Abstract The use of a liquid level sensor made it possible to measure changes in gas hold-up over time stirred tank during unsteady mixing. These results were subjected Fourier series analysis and model was proposed. It allowed one determine the value hold-up, which can be useful for characterizing mixing as comparison steady characteristic frequency also determined, corresponds about twice osc...