Okara is a byproduct generated during tofu or soymilk production processes. Crude polysaccharide (yield 56.8%) was isolated by removing fat, protein and low molecular weight carbohydrates from initial okara. Crude okara polysaccharide was further divided into four soluble fractions and an insoluble residue fraction by extracting with 0.05 M EDTA + NH(4) oxalate, 0.05 M NaOH, 1 M NaOH and 4 M Na...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dairy cow diets containing different protein sources [soybean meal, xylose protected soybean meal (Yasminomax®), and steam-flaked whole soybean] and various partially processed grain on in vitro gas production kinetics and the microbial nitrogen yield. Soybean meal (S) and xylose protected of soybean meal (XS) were provided as 0.56:...

The immunomodulatory activity of water and alcohol extracts (including its fractions) of the dried calyx of the plant was evaluated in mice. The ability of the extracts to inhibit or enhance the production of two cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), respectively, implicated as proinflammatory and antiinflammatory interleukins were also evaluated...

This study presents the feeding values of leaves, seeds and seeds-removed pods of Moringa stenopetala for ruminants as evaluated by in vitro gas production technique. Feed samples were analyzed for proximate nutrients using official methods. Each feed samples (200 mg) were incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 96 h and fermentation characteristics were estimated using established in vitro gas p...

nutritive value of winterfat forage (eurotia ceratoides) was evaluated through chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production techniques using three permanently fistulated adult baluchi sheep. the cp, ndf, adf, ash, ee and nfc contents of winterfat forage was 19.4, 54.5, 41.6, 9.0, 1.4 and 15.7%, respectively. the leaves had highest cp (27.9%dm) and lowest ndf (40.7%dm)...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect rubber seed kernel heat processing on in vitro rumen biohydrogenation fatty acids and fermentation. experiment conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD). inclusion RSK at 0% (CON) 20% different methods as follows: Raw (RAWR), roasted (ROR), microwave irradiated (MIR), were heated hot air oven (RHO) total mixed ration (TMR) diets. hydrogen...

This study aimed to assess the impact of essential oils (EOs) on in vitro gas formation and degradability dairy beef cattle diets. also investigate effects different types EOs nutrient utilization rumen microbial activity. The current was conducted using a fully randomized design consisting eight experimental treatments, including two control treatments without any additives, with cinnamon oil ...

Production of low-viscosity liquids (including condensates) from tight reservoirs (such as shales) is severely restricted by the ultra low-permeability of such formations, limiting production to a very small fraction (usually less than 5 percent) of the liquids-in-place. In this study, which is part of a wider investigation, we evaluate by means of numerical simulation several possible strategi...

The objectives of this study were to partition corn grain into three digestible fractions and to measure the rate of disappearance of these fractions in vitro. Seventeen corn grain samples with varied fiber concentrations were extracted with either 80% ethanol or neutral detergent to obtain estimates of the pool size and digestion kinetics of the A, B1, B2, and C fractions. The carbohydrate sol...