Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has become a useful tool to identify genetic variants that are associated with complex human diseases. To control spurious associations between genetic variants and disease that are caused by population stratification, double genomic control (GC) correction for population stratification in meta-analysis for GWAS has been implemented in the...

Granger causality (GC) is a powerful method for causal inference for time series. In general, the GC value is computed using discrete time series sampled from continuous-time processes with a certain sampling interval length τ, i.e., the GC value is a function of τ. Using the GC analysis for the topology extraction of the simplest integrate-and-fire neuronal network of two neurons, we discuss b...

Gas chromatography (GC) is used widely in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, flavor and aroma components, a variety of transformation products, and contaminants, such as pesticides, fumigants, environmental pollutants, natural toxins, veterinary drugs, and packa...

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) was introduced about a decade ago and is, today, rapidly become a powerful and widely applicable technique for the characterisation and analysis of a variety of complex samples. GC x GC provides structurally ordered chromatograms in the 2D plane, and features an impressive peak capacity. Combining GC x GC and time-of-flight mass spectro...

Three statistical/mathematical analyses are carried out on isochore sequences: spectral analysis, analysis of variance, and segmentation analysis. Spectral analysis shows that there are GC content fluctuations at different length scales in isochore sequences. The analysis of variance shows that the null hypothesis (the mean value of a group of GC contents remains the same along the sequence) ma...

Utilizing chemical derivatization (CD) to improve gas chromatographic (GC) and GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of drugs has been abundantly studied and widely practiced, while in liquid chromatography (LC) and LC-MS, application of CD approaches is still at an early stage. Silylation, acylation, and alkylation are common CD reactions, long adopted by GC and GC-MS (including GC-MS/MS) method...

In a recent paper, a GC-compositional strand bias, or GC-skew (=(C-G)/(C+G)) was reported, where C and G denote the numbers of cytosine and guanine residues, respectively, near the transcription start sites (TSS) in Arabidopsis [4]. However, it is unclear whether other eukaryotic species have similar GC-skews, and the biological meaning of that remains unknown. In this study, we conducted compa...

The combination of gas chromatography (GC) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has gradually become the important analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex mixtures. Numerous applications have been reported in previous reviews. Separation and identification of components in complex mixtures can be a daunting task. GC is the most common technique for se...

Large-scale analysis of the GC-content distribution at the gene level reveals both common features and basic differences in genomes of different groups of species. Sharp changes in GC content are detected at the transcription boundaries for all species analyzed, including human, mouse, rat, chicken, fruit fly, and worm. However, two substantially distinct groups of GC-content profiles can be re...