The density–area relationship has received considerable attention recently. A limitation of empirical examinations of the density–area relationship is that they have been conducted over short time spans, focusing on within-generation mechanisms such as dispersal and ignoring potential between-generation effects. I used simulation modeling to investigate the effects of both withinand between-gen...

this study focuses on the effect of social and cultural determinants on generation gap in tehranian families in 2011. the purpose of this study is to determine effective factors on generation gap in tehranian families, analytical and empirical patterns and be surveyed by related theories and effective factors. the research was prepared by questions including whether there is a relationship betw...

In this study, the relationship among the concepts of entropy generation rate, entransy theory, and generalized thermal resistance to the optimal design of thermal systems is discussed. The equations of entropy and entransy rates are compared and their implications for optimization of conductive heat transfer are analyzed. The theoretical analyses show that based on entropy generation minimizat...

The analytic center cutting plane method (ACCPM) is one of successful methods to solve nondifferentiable optimization problems. In this paper ACCPM is used for the first time in the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) to accelerate lagrangian relaxation procedure for the problem. At first the basic cutting plane algorithm and its relationship with column generation method is clari...