Genetic Algorithms (GAs) were introduced by Holland as a computational analogy of adaptive systems. GAs are search procedures based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic inspired by the foraging behavior of ant colonies. ACO was introduced by Dorigo and has evolved significantly in the last few years. Both algorithms have sh...

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muslim scholars and islamic official institutions consider human cloning as opposing religious doctrine, and forbidden. their ideas are based upon some theological and juridical arguments, including: posing a challenge to the creative power of god, breaking the tradition of marriage, breaking the tradition of diversity in creatures or species, making changes in divine creatures, game with creat...

background: understanding the differences in genetics of malignancies is crucial for therapeutic decisions. this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence on genetics of bone tumors in the context of pediatric cancer. material and methods: we performed a systematic review of the literature published on genetics of pediatrics bone tumors, using pubmed, google scholar, scie...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a version of a theorem that originated from population genetics and has been later adopted in evolutionary computation theory that will lead to novel Monte-Carlo sampling algorithms that provably increase the AI potential. Design/methodology/approach – In the current paper the authors set up a mathematical framework, state and prove a version ...

background: the quantitative analysis of scientific output, scientific policy making, scientific relationships of researchers, and drawing historiographic outlines are all parts of scientometric discipline. this paper was designed for scientometric analysis of 20 top journals in the field of genetics and heredity in 2000-2008 and to map the scientific structure of their papers. methods: this re...

complex inherited diseases affected by an interaction between collective effects of the genotype at one or multiple loci either to increase or to lower susceptibility to disease, combined with a variety of environmental exposures that may trigger, accelerate, exacerbate, or protect against the disease process. the new aspects of genetic techniques have been opened for diagnosis and analysis of ...

background: middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. after the primary onset of mers in saudi arabia, in september 2015 cases began to increase. the number of laboratory-affirmed cases by mers-cov in the middle east has been being increased recently. method: in this current review article, by using the terms “mers” and “coronavirus” we firs...

The last ten years since the completion of the human genomic sequencing project have seen huge advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of human disease. Understanding the genes involved in disease and the causal genomic polymorphisms involved holds the promise of better treatment and prevention of disease. Much of the recent progress has been made through the use of the popular genom...

The mobile ad hoc network is a decentralized and self organized wireless network which does not work on any fixed infrastructure so it is having a time variant topology which varies time to time due to the mobility of the nodes. In the same way the natural world is enormous, dynamic, incredibly diverse, and highly complex. Despite the inherent challenges of surviving in such a world, biological...