graph graph and geography the geographical problem Figure 3.11: The Koenigsberg bridge problem and its graphical representation. The problem and its associated graph is shown in Figure 3.11 and this allows us to prove it is impossible to visit all the land masses, crossing each bridge only once. Graphs are a topological construct, and do not have a notion of distance associated with them in gen...

Geographic information systems are used to collect, analyze, and present information describing the physical and logical properties of the geographic world. Geographically refer-enced data is the spatial data that pertain to a location on the earth's surface. Using object-oriented database technology to model the real world. There are four major functional units in a typical geographic informat...

The aim of this study was to geospatially explore the occurrence rates of car accidents involving pedestrians in Cercado de Lima (Lima District), Peru. Car accidents involving pedestrians recorded in the 2015 National Police Station Census of the National Statistics and Information Institute were described and georeferenced. Subsequently, a Kernel Density analysis was carried out to locate area...

This tutorial provides a foundation in GIS including its basic structure and concepts, and spatial analysis. Spatial Decision Support Systems are introduced, emphasizing one current model. The links of GIS to related technologies such as GPS, wireless, location-based technologies, and RFID are examined. The tutorial gives an overview of vertical-sector uses of GIS, and concentrates on a few exa...