Considering the strategic importance of coastal areas from various aspects, their protection against waves is a coast management necessity. Since long ago, strong coastal structures have protected coasts, but since they disturb the coastal ecosystem balance, effort has been made to use them less or make them more compatible with the coast. This research is specifically aimed to estimate the eff...

medicinal plant species constitute a considerable part of the flora in iran and play a major role in the composition of plant communities. therefore, it is necessary to recognize the factors leading to the establishment and distribution of vegetation. for data sampling (2012), land units were specified. the plot size was determined using minimal area method and number of plots was determined by...

Protected areas' chief conservation objectives are to include species within their boundaries and protect them from negative external pressures. Many protected areas are not achieving these goals, perhaps in part due to land development inside and outside protected areas. We conducted spatial analyses to evaluate the ability of Canadian protected areas to mitigate the effects of nearby land dev...