Abstract This paper studies the role of within- and between-firm effects on gender wage gap (GWG). Using linked employer–employee data for Turkey 2006 2014, we show that among comparable men women is much wider within establishments than between establishments. Our distributional analysis shows a more pronounced highly paid workers, consistent with presence glass-ceiling effect. effect, however...

This study investigated and compared the impact of women glass-ceiling beliefs (denial, resilience, acceptance, resignation) on their perceived career progression with a moderating role education in Pakistan Saudi Arabia. is time-lagged study. Multi-group analysis permutations Smart PLS used for comparative data analysis. Results show significant differences impacts women’s two different countr...

This research aims to reveal the relationship between queen bee syndrome, glass ceiling and resilience. Accordingly, answer question regarding female teachers’ views on factors that affect The tested theoretical model which shows resilience were modeled. was modified by removing dimensions of family life, self confidence stereotyped biases related ceiling. Having a relational survey model, used...

Despite the dramatically increased entry of women into general surgery and surgical subspecialties, traditionally male-dominated fields, there remains a gross under-representation of women in the leadership positions of these departments. Women begin their careers with fewer academic resources and tend to progress through the ranks slower than men. Female surgeons also receive significantly low...