First described for their metabolic and immunosuppressive effects, glucocorticoids are widely prescribed in clinical settings of inflammation. However, glucocorticoids are also potent inducers of apoptosis in many cell types and tissues. This review will focus on the established mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and outline what is known about the apoptotic response in cells and ti...

The effects of topical and systemic administration of various glucocorticoids on the density of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) were studied in guinea pigs. Glucocorticoids, such as betamethasone dipropionate and valerate, caused a marked decrease in LC demonstrable by staining for cell membrane ATPase activity and Ia antigens. By electronmicroscopy, LC also showed morphologic alterations. The ...

One of the main components of the stress system is hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Acute activation of µ-opioid receptors increases the activity of the HPA axis, leading to release of ACTH and corticosterone. Glucocorticoids can change behaviors, depend on age but there were no evidences about the interaction between age, opioid system and glucocorticoids. In this experiment, ...

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that glucocorticoids modulate memory reconsolidation. Moreover, cholinergic system is involved in memory reconsolidation. Since glucocorticoids interact with brain cholinergic system in modulating memory processing, we investigated whether glucocorticoid influences on the reconsolidation of emotionally arousing training depend on the cholinergic system...

BACKGROUND Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) consists of administration of blood flow-promoting drugs with or without the addition of glucocorticoids. General guidelines based on scientific data do not currently exist. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of glucocorticoids on the treatment of SSNHL. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectiv...

PURPOSE Increased levels of glucocorticoids are associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP). The activity of glucocorticoids is regulated at a prereceptor level by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSD). This study was an investigation of the central and peripheral sensitivity to glucocorticoids in patients with POAG or ocular hypertension (OHT) and the differential metabolism ...

Neurogenesis is currently an area of great interest in neuroscience. It is closely linked to brain diseases, including mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disease. Both embryonic and adult neurogeneses are influenced by glucocorticoids secreted from the adrenal glands in response to a variety of stressors. Moreover, proliferation/differentiation of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) i...

Primary cultures of purified human cytotrophoblasts have been used to examine the expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene in placenta. We report here that glucocorticoids stimulate placental CRH synthesis and secretion in primary cultures of human placenta. This stimulation is in contrast to the glucocorticoid suppression of CRH expression in hypothalamus. The positive regu...

Glucocorticoids induce a series of profound biochemical changes in thymocytes that initiate apoptosis; however, the pathways beyond receptor transactivation that lead to this form of cell death are not fully understood. In this study, we report a novel site of action for glucocorticoids at the site of the plasma membrane. Specifically, we find that glucocorticoids induce the loss of plasma memb...

OBJECTIVE To describe mechanisms by which glucocorticoids cause osteoporosis, with fracture risk, combining this learning with a possible professional behavior change. DATA SOURCES A systematic search on SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline databases was carried out for consensus, review articles, including systematic reviews and meta-analysis, which were published in English, between 2000 and...