The processes by which insects cope with toxic chemicals in their environment are commonly classified as class 1 and 2 reactions (Dauterman and Hodgson 1978). Class 1 reactions include oxidations, reductions, and hydrolyses. By these processes, a hydrophilic group is added onto the foreign molecule and the molecule is then eliminated. Class 2 reactions consist of conjugations, i.e., glutathione...

helicobacter pylori infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. it has been demonstrated that oxidative stress associated with inflammation plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. to evaluate the oxidative stress in h. pylori infection we studied the gastric juice levels of nitric oxide and the activiti...

Chronic consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods is a global problem in both developing and developed countries especially where there is poor regulation of their levels in foods. In the body, aflatoxins (AFBs) mainly AFB1 are biotransformed to various metabolites especially the active AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). The AFB, AFBO and other metabolites interact with various biomolecules in the ...

Kim EY, Choi K-J, Dryer SE. Nephrin binds to the COOH terminus of a large-conductance Ca -activated K channel isoform and regulates its expression on the cell surface. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F235–F246, 2008. First published May 14, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00140.2008.—We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify proteins that interact with large-conductance Ca -activated K (B...

The effects of feeding p-methoxyphenol, benzyl isothiocyanate, coumarin, a-angelicalactone, 2-fert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, and 3-ferf-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole on the glutathione Stransferase activity and sulfhydryl levels of esophagus and small bowel mucosa of ICR/Ha mice have been investigated. p-Methoxyphenol, benzyl isothiocyanate, coumarin, and 2-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole increased glutathio...

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the developmental neurotoxicity associated with prenatal methylmercury exposure (Grandjean and Landrigan, 2006); However, susceptibility to methylmercury toxicity may be increased by genetic factors. This observation raises the question of possible dependence of developmental neurotoxicity on genetic predisposition. A few years ago, a National Research ...

objective: to determine the relationship between serum glutathione peroxidase and febrile seizure. materials & methods:   in this case-control study, 43 children with simple febrile seizure (case group) were compared with 43 febrile children without seizure (control group) in terms of serum glutathione peroxidase level. serum glutathione peroxidase levels were measured by elisa method. the resu...

one of the major classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors is the class of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (nmdars). receptor activation recruits, via calcium signal transduction mechanisms which play important roles in oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial free radical production and occurrence of other mitochondrial factors which potentially contribute to excitotoxicity and neuronal death. in...

background: over the past few years, the rapid use of high frequency electromagnetic fields like mobile phones has raised global concerns about the negative health effects of its use. adaptive response is the ability of a cell or tissue to better resist stress damage by prior exposure to a lesser amount of stress. this study aimed to assess whether radiofrequency radiation can induce adaptive r...

occupational exposure to toluene is associated with development and progression of renal failure. however, the cellular mechanisms by which these agents cause renal dysfunction and injury remain elusive. the present study investigates the effect of toluene on animal model (rat) kidney to present a broader understanding of the mechanism by which toluene causes renal injury. adult male rats recei...