in all biological systems growth is defined as increase of chemical compounds. bacteria can achieve to balanced growth if they are growing in a medium, which are completely adapted to it. clostridium chauvoei, (clostridium feseri) is an anaerobic, spore forming, motile, and polymorph bacteria, which its size varies from 0.5-1 to 3-8 micron and could be observed as individual bacterium, diplo, a...

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), also known as type 5 acid phosphatases, are widely present in animals, plants, and fungi. In mammal, PAP was reported to participate in immune defense and bone resorption. In this study, the characteristics and potential functions of a PAP gene from pearl oyster Pinctada martensii (pm-PAP) were examined. The Pm-PAP cDNA was found to be 2777 base pairs, containin...

We study the interpixel cross talk introduced to digital holographic data storage by use of a multilevel phase mask at the data-input plane. We evaluate numerically the intensity distribution at the output detector for Fourier plane hologram storage in a limited-aperture storage medium. Only the effect at an output pixel of interpixel cross talk from the four horizontal and vertical neighboring...

To study the spiral wave in an unbounded excitable medium, we consider the wave front interaction model which derived by Zykov in 2007. This model consists of two systems of ordinary di↵erential equations which describe the wave front and wave back, respectively. First, we derive some properties of the back by shooting argument and comparison principle. Next we show the global existence of the ...

An overview is given of the attempts to understand the behavior of scroll waves in threedimensional excitable media using analytical methods, and these results are compared with recent numerical and experimental results. The behavior of untwisted planar scroll rings, twisted rings and helices, and knotted scroll wave filaments is discussed.

This work studies both theoretically and experimentally the formation of the contour interference patterns generated by a two-wavelength real-time holographic interferometer. The resulting contour interference fringes are due to the intersection of the measured surface with parallel, equally spaced planes of constant elevation. The theoretical analysis describes how the spatial frequency of the...