Abdominal injuries are rare in sports, but even minor traumas may result potentially life-threatening injuries. The most frequent abdominal injury is wall contusion, following by blunt of the kidneys and spleen. cases soccer rarely reported literature. We present a case grade IV splenic laceration 10-year-old goalkeeper caused trauma sustained during gameplay. was successfully treated with nono...

This paper presents a formal model of the substitution rules for soccer games as they existed at the 1994 World Cup. The model is expressed in VDM and can be animated with the VDMTools environment. The formalisation helps improve the precision of the original rules, stated in natural language. This animation shows that the rules make a useless distinction between goalkeeper and field player sub...

At vital moments in professional soccer matches, penalties were often missed. Psychological factors, such as anxiety and pressure, are among the critical causes of mistakes, commonly known choking under pressure . Nevertheless, factors have not been fully explored. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate influence brain on process. An in-situ study wa...

This paper presents an original model with methodologies that integrate in a novel way different types of an autonomous virtual agent’s perception in a virtual environment. Our first new approach permits the coherent management of the shared virtual environment for the simulations of an autonomous virtual agent (AVA). Our second approach allows the prediction or the estimation of both the orien...

In this paper the architecture of a 4 legged soccer robot is divided into a hierarchy of behaviors, where each behavior represents an independent sense-think-act loop. Based on this view we have implemented a behaviorbased vision system, improving performance due to object-specific image processing, behavior-specific image processing and behavior-specific self localization. The system was teste...

Indoor hockey is a highly competitive international sport, yet no research to date has investigated the key actions within this sport. As with outdoor field hockey, penalty corners represent one of the most likely situations in which goals can be scored. All 36 matches of the round-robin phase of the 2010-2011 England Hockey League Women's Premier Division 'Super Sixes' competition were analyse...