OBJECTIVE To determine if ovariectomy (OVE) is a safe alternative to ovariohysterectomy (OVH) for canine gonadectomy. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS An on-line bibliographic search in MEDLINE and PubMed was performed in December 2004, covering the period 1969-2004. Relevant studies were compared and evaluated with regard to study design, surgical technique, and both short-term and ...

The use of laparoscopic technique to diagnose and treat intersex children is gradually introduced in clinical urology. From 1985 to 1996, abdominal exploration and gonadectomy were performed in 11 intersex children together with urogenital endoscopy and genitoplastic surgery in our institutes. Their median age was 6.0 (range 0-15) years old and initial gender sex was female in 8 and male in 3. ...

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an X-linked, recessive disorder caused by mutations of the androgen receptor (AR), in which genetic males (46,XY) show female external genitalia. Individuals with CAIS have mostly normal external genitalia, lack of Müllerian structures (Fallopian tubes, uterus, proximal portion of the vagina) and undescended testes (intra-abdominal, inguinal, o...

Pavlovian conditioning of a visual stimulus paired with food was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which are a commonly used model for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and in Wistar rats (normoactive control). In gonadally intact rats of both strains, males spent more time in the food cup following onset of the light than did females, indicating a stronger assoc...

Castration of adult male rats causes the dendrites of androgen-sensitive motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) to retract. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), via activation of tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB), has been implicated in mediating androgen effects on SNB dendrites. We used in situ hybridization to demonstrate that SNB motoneurons in gonadally intact ...

During development, estrogen has a variety of effects on morphological and electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. We examined the effects of gonadectomy with and without estrogen replacement on the mRNA and protein of BDNF and its receptor, tr...

Background: Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a rare congenital and challenging condition, characterized mainly by 45,X/46,XY karyotype mosaicism, asymmetrical development various internal external genital anatomy. Because of frequent disorder higher risk germ cell neoplasia, management these patients complex requires multidisciplinary approach.Case: We present mixed patient diagnosed with gonadoblas...

introduction: sex differences are observed in the development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of opioid drugs such as morphine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. critical role of glutamate in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance has been reported by many investigators. there are also evidences about interaction between gonadal hormones and neuromodulatory syste...

BACKGROUND Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary. This malignancy can be associated with pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis and partial gonadal dysgenesis. CASE PRESENTATION Dysgerminoma developed in 3 phenotypic female patients with 46 XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. All patients presented first with abdominopelvic mass. Laparatom...

• In a recent paper, it has been shown that the gonads regulate the respiration of the aorta in rats, since aortic QO2 was increased by gonadectomy while it was restored to normal values through the injection of estradiol or testosterone. It was also reported that this metabolic depression was probably mediated through a direct hormonal mechanism in the arterial wall, because similar results co...