OBJECTIVE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs revolutionized the treatment of central precocious puberty. However, questions remain regarding their optimal use in central precocious puberty and other conditions. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology convened a consensus conference to review the clinical use of gonadotropin-releasi...

Two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH-I and GnRH-II, are commonly present in mammals. The main hormone controlling reproduction is GnRH-I acting through its receptor (GnRHR-I), whereas the function of GnRH-II is unknown. In primates, it has been suggested that GnRH-II is a specific agonist for the structurally distinct GnRHR-II. Here we compared effects of GnRH-I and GnRH-II ...

Urinary estradiol production rates, plasma estradiol, and peripheral conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to estradiol were explored in patients whose neoplasms made human chorionic gonadotropin and/or human chorionic gonadotropin beta fragments. In five men with choriocarcinoma, estradiol production was elevated, plasma estradiol was high, and DHEAS conversion to estradiol rang...

Maturation in vitro of oocytes of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, is inducible with progesterone after in vivo treatment of females with gonadotropin; few oocytes mature in vitro in the absence of such gonadotropin treatment. Chromosomes of most large oocytes of animals not receiving gonadotropin are still in the lampbrush condition; chromosomes from gonadotropin-treated animals are shorte...

Physical and psychological stressors suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity and sexual behavior and consequently induce reproductive dysfunction. Recently, it has been shown that gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), also called RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP) in mammals, which is a potent inhibitory regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin, is invol...

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was discovered as a novel hypothalamic peptide that inhibits gonadotropin release in the quail. The presence of GnIH-homologous peptides and its receptors (GnIHRs) have been demonstrated in various vertebrate species including teleosts, suggesting that the GnIH-GnIHR family is evolutionarily conserved. In avian and mammalian brain, GnIH neurons are localiz...

Gonadotropin therapy plays an integral role in ovarian stimulation for infertility treatments. Efforts have been made over the last century to improve gonadotropin preparations. Undoubtedly, current gonadotropins have better quality and safety profiles as well as clinical efficacy than earlier ones. A major achievement has been introducing recombinant technology in the manufacturing processes f...

The urinary output of hypophyseal gonadotropin by normal women has proven exceedingly variable from month to month (1, 2). Thus, the usefulness of gonadotropin assays for clinical purposes has been disappointing and is now limited to the demonstration of large excesses of hormone. The status of the gonadotropin assay as a potential diagnostic measure in men is still in doubt. More normal data a...

The function of the central aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has been assessed in a number of ways including direct measurements of the hypothalamic output and indirect measures using gonadotropin release from the pituitary as a bioassay for reproductive neuroendocrine activity. Here, methods for monitoring these various parameters are briefly reviewed and then examples presen...