the economy's dependence on oil revenues and derivatives of these products make the country's economy heavily influenced by the volatility and instability of the pricing of these products. therefore, it seems necessary to develop non-oil exports. this paper examines the causality relation and the effect of foreign direct investment, economic openness and real exchange rate on non-oil ...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

Abstract The Cartesian thesis that some justifications are infallible faces a gradation puzzle. On the one hand, justification tolerates absolutely no possibility for error. other can vary in evidential force: e.g. two persons both be regarding their pains while with stronger pain is nevertheless more justified. However, if type of gradable strength, why it always absolute? This paper explores ...

The nature of this pamphlet is abundantly evident from its title. The information necessary for its compilation has been drawn chiefly from the Medical Register, Churchill's Directory, and the Bengal Quarterly Army List. As it contains, in a compact form, a considerable amount of personal information regarding the Officers of the Bengal Medical Service, it ought to commend itself to the individ...

the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of trade openness on the employment and the real wage for the iranian food and beverage industries over the year 2007. for this purpose in this study, the ratio of export to production value has been considered as a proxy for trade openness and the main model has been estimated using a dynamic panel data (dpd) approach. the main findin...

This paper evaluates the different AREMA gradations currently in use for their effects on both ballast void space and load carrying performances using a discrete particle analysis computational technique called Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The effect of gradation on aggregate assembly volumetric properties was first studied. Full-scale ballast layers with common gradations listed in AREMA s...

This paper presents a Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) approach for investigating dynamic crack propagation in homogeneous and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). The failure criterion is incorporated in the CZM using both a finite cohesive strength and work to fracture in the material description. A novel CZM for FGMs is explored and incorporated into a finite element framework. The material gradat...