2 3 This study investigated whether the Ely system, a multiuser interactive play system, does support collaboration, and interactivity; whether children enjoy, and are engaged in their use of the system; and whether pre-schoolers (i.e. 6 year olds) are more easily distracted and collaborate less than first graders (i.e. 7 year olds). Nine pre-schoolers (5 girls, 4 boys, M = 5 years 9 months) an...

Marijuana (Cannabis) is one of the most widely used illicit drugs around the world, particularly in the United States. Its use is widespread among young people. According to a yearly survey of middle and high school students, rates of marijuana use have steadied in the past few years after several years of increase. Specifically, amongst 8th graders (9.4%), 10th graders (23.9%) and 12th graders...

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING ABILITY AND SYNTACTICAL MEDIATION IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE (PA) LEARNING WAS EXAMINED. SUBJECTS WERE 64 FOURTH AND SECOND GRADERS IN WISCONSIN WHO WERE GROUPED ACCORDING TO GRADE LEVEL, TWO READING LEVELS, TWO TYPES OF INSTRUCTION, AND SEX. THE INSTRUCTIONAL TYPES WERE MEDIATION AND NONMEDIATION: THE STIMULI WERE 16 PICTURES PAIRED TO MINIMIZE ASSOCIATION VALUE. THE ...

English spelling is highly inconsistent in terms of simple sound-to-spelling correspondences but is more consistent when context is taken into account. For example, the choice between ch and tch is determined by the preceding vowel (coach, roach vs. catch, hatch). We investigated children's sensitivity to vowel context when spelling consonants in monosyllabic nonwords. Second graders (7-year-ol...

The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess the effectiveness of a disability sport unit in shaping perceptions of disability. Data from interviews, observations, and documents were collected on 87 elementary-aged students, one physical education teacher, and one teaching intern. Comparisons were drawn between fifth graders engaged in a five-week disability sport unit to fourth graders ...

Evidentials are grammatical source-of-knowledge markers. In Bulgarian they provide information about authorship--whether the speaker has personally acquired the information or not--and modality--whether perceptual or cognitive mechanisms were involved in the information's generation. In two experiments, Bulgarian kindergarteners and third-graders (ages 6 and 9, N=96) had to decide which one of ...

This study examined the relationship among teacher, peer, and self-ratings of children's social behavior. The Pupil Evaluation Inventory was completed by 172 first-graders, 346 fourth-graders, 283 seventh-graders, and 30 teachers. Groups of deviant responders and controls were also selected from the total sample on the basis of peer-rated aggression and withdrawal scores. Interrater agreement w...

The study investigated effect of phonological regularity of phonetic compound characters on writing and its development. Students from grade 2, 4 and 6 with normal non-verbal IQ, Chinese reading ability and visual-spatial perceptual abilities were recruited. Writing to dictation on 16 characters, embedded in compound words, with phonological regularity, character frequency and stroke number con...

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the ...

We examined children's and adults' numerical estimation and the representations that gave rise to their estimates. The results were inconsistent with two prominent models of numerical representation: the logarithmic-ruler model, which proposes that people of all ages possess a single, logarithmically spaced representation of numbers, and the accumulator model, which proposes that people of all ...