Despite the fact that in many countries a great deal of classroom time and self-study is devoted to the learning of grammar, it appears that very little theoretical consideration is given in teacher education programmes either to the nature of the grammatical code which is to be acquired by learners nor to theories of how grammar is learnt in school-based contexts. As stated earlier in this vol...

In Order and Structure I have two main goals. First, I argue that the grammar should be viewed as an incremental left-to-right structure building system, and that this solves a number of problems in constituent structure. Second, I reassess the relationship between linguistic knowledge and language processing, and argue that mental systems for grammar and processing can be viewed as identical. ...

Abstract Knowledge about Language (KaL) is an important part of L1 language education around the world. A controversial KaL grammatical or syntactic knowledge, i.e., knowledge form, meaning and use sentences phrases. In current international discourse on grammar teaching, principally motivated by desire to enhance students’ literacy development, befitting communicative turn in mother tongue fol...

This paper describes the techniques used to translate structured texts of approximately 2000 words into logical assertions in the language and ontology of the Cyc knowledge-based system. The input texts conform to a controlled natural language which was specifically written to express US Army Courses Of Action. A second input to the interpretation task is a formal description of a sketch of the...

This paper presents a model for generating prosodically appropriate synthesized responses to database queries using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG { cf. [22]), a formalism which easily integrates the notions of syntactic constituency, prosodic phrasing and information structure. The model determines accent locations within phrases on the basis of contrastive sets derived from the discourse...

A capability for translating between representation languages is critical for effective knowledge base reuse. We describe a translation technology for knowledge representation languages based on the use of an interlingua for communicating knowledge. The interlingua-based translation process can be thought of as consisting of three major steps: (1) translation from the source language into a sub...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Systemic Theoretical Instruction (STI), grounded in Socio-cultural Theory and proposed by Gal’perin, on developing Iranian EFL learners’ knowledge of English tense-aspect system. To this end, two low-intermediate classes, including 24 and 21 language learners aged between 12-19, were taught the distinction between simple past and present perfect te...

We present an approach to na tura l language unders tanding based on a computable grammar of const~ctions. A construetionconsists of a set of features of form and a description of meaning in a context. A grammar is a set of constructions. This kind of grammar is the key element of MINCAL, an implemented natural language speech-enabled interface to an online calendar system. Tile architecture ha...

It has long been recognized that there is a natural dependence between theories of knowledge representation and theories of knowledge acquisition, with the idea that the right knowledge representation enables acquisition to happen as reliably as it does. Given this, a reasonable criterion for a theory of knowledge representation is that it be useful for acquisition, particularly in non-trivial ...

language teacher assessment, like many aspects of second language teacher education, is changing. to understand factors that are driving the change, such as work of teaching generally, language teaching in particular, and the role of teachers’ knowledge in teaching, this study examined language teacher assessment schemes across the globe. the aim was to arrive at a set of shared beliefs, attitu...