That physiological oscillations of various frequencies are present in fMRI signals is the rule, not the exception. Herein, we propose a novel theoretical framework, spatio-temporal Granger causality, which allows us to more reliably and precisely estimate the Granger causality from experimental datasets possessing time-varying properties caused by physiological oscillations. Within this framewo...

Learning Granger causality for general point processes is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an effective method, learning Granger causality, for a special but significant type of point processes — Hawkes process. According to the relationship between Hawkes process’s impact function and its Granger causality graph, our model represents impact functions using a series of basis f...

In this research paper, attempt has been made to explore the relation especially the causal relation between stock market index i.e. BSE Sensex and three key macro economic variables of Indian economy by using correlation, unit root stationarity tests and Granger causality test. Monthly data has been used from April,1995 to March, 2009 for all the variables, like, BSE Sensex, wholesale price in...

Granger causality is a statistical concept of causality that is based on prediction. According to Granger causality, if a signal X1 "Granger-causes" (or "G-causes") a signal X2, then past values of X1 should contain information that helps predict X2 above and beyond the information contained in past values of X2 alone. Its mathematical formulation is based on linear regression modeling of stoch...

The analysis begins by using annual data for the US from 1959 to 2003 to examine the macroeconomic relationship between government expenditure on public order and safety, output and investment. In practice, total spending on public order and safety is divided up into four categories (police force, fire service, law courts and prison service) so in the second part of the analysis we test for Gra...

Granger causality (GC) is a statistical notion of causal influence based on prediction via linear vector autoregression. For Gaussian variables it equivalent to transfer entropy, an information-theoretic measure time-directed information between jointly dependent processes. We exploit such equivalence and calculate exactly the local causality, i.e., profile transferred from driver target proces...

The Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum is a global warming period (∼56 Ma), which marked by sharp negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that caused the injection of massive isotopically-light into ocean-atmosphere. It generally considered warming. However, several studies have suggested and environmental perturbations precede onset CIE. Here we present Granger test to investigate detailed mech...

Scientometric models can connect indicators via cross-country correlations, but these are not enough to assert causality. Sometimes a causal connection can be argued from the physical process. In other cases the causality or its direction is not clear, and the Granger test is often used to clarify the connection. Here it was shown that gross expenditures on R&D (GERD) Granger caused scientific ...

This paper investigates the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Iran. To this end, we attempt to find causality directions between bank credits and money aggregates. Utilizing Diks and Panchenko’s (2006) nonparametric Granger causality test for the time series data over the period 2006:04-2018:12 confirms the existence of a significant causality running from bank credits to money aggregates. ...