Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was discovered during attempts to define the normal regulators present in cell supernatants that could induce terminal differentiation of the murine myeloid leukemic cell line WEHI-3B D+. The purification and subsequent cloning of both murine and human G-CSF allowed the normal functions of this molecule to be elucidated and indicated that it was a relativel...

We have extended the study of the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on hematopoietic colony formation to include the effects of antisense to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on bone marrow cultures. GM-CSF antisense and GM-CSF receptor antisense cause an increase in...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enhancing collateral artery growth is a potent therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular ischemic disease from occlusive artery. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has gained attention for its ability to promote arteriogenesis, ameliorating brain damage, by the mechanisms involving monocyte upregulation. However, the recent clinical study testing...

Angiogenesis is regulated, under both physiological and pathological conditions, by numerous "non-classic" pro-angiogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF), and "non-classic" pro-angiogenic factors, including granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating ...