Reading and writing texts are foundational abilities required for daily activities, human interaction and almost all school disciplines. However, it is not uncommon to find students with reading and writing difficulties. Those difficulties interfere on their learning process and their ability to comprehend more complex ideas. Therefore, failing to read and write leads not only to academic failu...

Traditional and modern vocabulary instruction techniques have been introduced in the past few decades to improve the learners’ performance in reading comprehension. Semantic mapping, which entails drawing learners’ attention to the interrelationships among lexical items through graphic organizers, is claimed to enhance vocabulary learning significantly. However, whether this technique suits all...

The focus of this study was to investigate the effectiveness Gist and Graphic Organizers in teaching reading students with different levels vocabulary proficiency. This used a quasi-experimental methodology 2x2 factorial design examine university-level English language learners. Two experimental subjects were involved. Organizer materials as instructional tools for data collection. Additionally...