The equilibrium relationship between trade and the spatial distribution of economic activity is fundamental to the analysis of national and regional trade patterns, as well as to the effect of trade frictions. We study this relationship using a trade model with a continuum of regions, transport costs, and agglomeration effects caused by production externalities. We analyze the equilibrium speci...

This paper explores the gender differentiated effects of trade liberalisation in Bangladesh. Since the Ready -Made Garments (RMG) industry employs the largest number of industrial female workers and contributes the most in export earnings and GDP, our analysis is mainly based on this industry. The paper finds that trade has created more than 5 times higher job for women than men in the RMG sect...

In the last decade we have seen a significant change in the composition of capital flows to developed as well as to developing countries. In this paper we investigate empirically the links between the volatility of monetary macroeconomic aggregates, as a measure of country specific measure of relative risk, and the structure of external liabilities in developed and developing countries. We esti...

The empirical “gravity” equation is extremely successful in explaining bilateral trade. This paper shows how a multi-country model of specialization and costly trade (i.e. a microfounded gravity model) can be applied to explain empirical exchange rate puzzles. One such puzzle is the fact that nominal exchange rates are enormously volatile, but that this volatility does not appear to affect infl...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ekspor manufaktur dan barang dagangan terhadap total cadangan devisa serta cadangan, observasi pada 4 negara Islam yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Turki, Uni Emirat Arab yang tergabung dalam OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooporation) dengan periode pengamatan kurun waktu tujuh belas tahun, dari tahun 2000-2017 menggunakan regresi data panel metode O...

This study examines the relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance in Cote d'Ivoire during period from 1975 to 2017. The employs ARDL bounds testing approach cointegration developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) examination of this nexus. Cointegration analysis error correction modeling are used determine long run as well short dynamics, balance. empirical results show negative signif...

abstract since the islamic revolution of 1987, iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by western countries, especially the u.s. since 2006 and with the development of the iranian nuclear conflict, the united nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against iran. as a result of these international restrictions and their administration by an international orga...

This paper proposes a differential inflation scheme and applies this technique to driver estimation for the Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model (GITM) using the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF), which is a part of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). Driver estimation using EAKF is first demonstrated on a linear example and then applied to GITM. The Challenging Minisatellite ...

Article history: Received 18 March 2009 Received in revised form 11 September 2009 Accepted 2 March 2010 Available online 7 March 2010 JEL classifications: C92 D03 H41

Contract enforcement is probabilistic, but the probability depends on rules and processes. A stimulus to trade may induce traders to alter rules or processes to improve enforcement. In the model of this paper, such a positive knock-on effect occurs when the elasticity of supply of traders is sufficiently high. Negative knock-on is possible when the elasticity is low. Enforcement strategies in c...