Abstract Hunger Games Search (HGS) is a newly developed swarm-based algorithm inspired by the cooperative behavior of animals and their hunting strategies to find prey. However, HGS has been observed exhibit slow convergence may struggle with unbalanced exploration exploitation phases. To address these issues, this study proposes modified version called mHGS, which incorporates five techniques:...

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were once widespread throughout most of North America including the Pacific Northwest. Wolves were extirpated from the Pacific Northwest in the early 20 century and have been absent for over 60 years. The success of reintroduction efforts in Idaho and the greater Yellowstone area, however, has caused wolf populations in these regions to rise dramatically, giving way to...

With the increase in pollutants, need to use electric vehicles (EVs) various urban logistics activities is an increasingly important issue. Currently, there are issues with efficiency of transport companies recognizing effects uncertain factors daily operations. Thus, this research proposes a novel fuzzy two-echelon vehicle routing problem involving heterogeneous fleet EVs and internal combusti...

There has been considerable discussion on the origin of the red wolf and eastern wolf and their evolution independent of the gray wolf. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a Y-chromosome intron sequence in combination with Y-chromosome microsatellites from wolves and coyotes within the range of extensive wolf-coyote hybridization, that is, eastern North America. The detection of divergent...

Consider an increasingly growing field of research, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is to form a direct channel communication between computer and the brain. However, extracting features random time-varying EEG signals their classification major challenge that faces current BCI. This paper proposes modified grey wolf optimizer (MGWO) can select optimal channels be used in (BCIs), way identifies ...

Aerial base stations (ABSs) seem promising to enhance the coverage and capacity of fifth-generation upcoming networks. With flexible mobility ABSs, they can be positioned in air maximize number users served with a guaranteed quality service (QoS). However, ABSs may overloaded or underutilized given inefficient placement, user association has not been well addressed. Hence, we propose three-dime...