vital importance of the energy in national and international economic development has made oil as a crucial and attractive factor for great powers. these powers have had permanent competition for establishing an oil system for securing their national interests. the persian gulf has been focal point of these competitions. after september 11, 2001, the role of oil has considered as one of the mos...

The central proposition of balance-of-power theory (albeit one that has never been tested systematically) is that great powers balance against hegemonic threats. This article argues that this proposition applies to hegemonic concentrations of land-based military power in autonomous continental systems, but not necessarily to hegemonic concentrations of sea power in maritime systems. With a focu...

“...capital account liberalization is...similar to the issue of how the human race should make use of fire. Fire warms our homes. It cooks our food, our internal combustion engines. It powers our automobiles and trucks and our turbojets. It powers our airplanes. No doubt, fire is very useful, and we are not going to give up its manifold benefits. On the other hand, fire can also burn you down a...

relations between the third world countries in different parts of asia and africa during the 19th and 20th centuries, to a great extent, were influenced by the presence and policies of colonial powers. thus, for a better understanding of roots of disputes and issues existing between these countries concerning frontiers, disputed islands, political and prejudicial tensions, we need to study past...