Si, du côté des écrivains, on peut estimer que l’ère soupçon a graduellement cédé la place à scrupule, lecteurs, en revanche, il semble bien l’adoption d’une attitude soupçonneuse soit toujours, et peut-être plus jamais, d’actualité. Bien raisons d’ordre sociologique ou épistémologique permettent de le comprendre ; mais sur terrain proprement littéraire également, nombre d’explications cette ré...

Writers’ biographies (written about writers by writers) constitute a genre with very long historical roots, which has flourished in the last twenty-five or thirty years. This is undoubtedly linked to lifting of post-structuralist ban concerning author as person, so that it became possible, at least France, legitimize biographical writing again. We date this revival mid-1980s, when Duras, Robbe-...

The ecological basis for disease dates at least as far back as 400 B.C. to Hippocrates’s writing of On Airs, Waters, and Place. As Wilson (1995) clarifies, our understanding and therefore control of diseases would be inadequate without an “ecological” perspective on the life cycles of parasitic microorganisms and the associated infectious diseases. As Smith et al. (1999; p 583) contend, “many o...

We prove some sufficient conditions for a directed graph to have the property of a conjecture of J. (1982): "Every directed graph contains an independent set which meets every longest directed path". Let G be a directed graph, and denote by V(G) its vertex-set, by A(G) its arc-set, X(G) denotes its chromatic number, and A(G) the length of the longest directed path. Independently, B. Roy and T. ...

This article investigates the representation of objects in La Jalousie (1957), a novel nouveau roman tradition written by French novelist Alain Robbe-Grillet. If ‘new novel’ sought to render material world with objective clarity, and positioned itself against traditional fiction, its reliance on metaphor, allegory, other ‘projections,’ this argues that such an aesthetic program is undercut own ...

the nouveau roman is considered as an influential literary movement of modern literature. there are some traces of the usage of elements and narrative techniques of nouveau roman in contemporary iranian literature. this tendency is more characteristic and typical in bahram sadeghi's work, which is named the representative of nouveau roman in iran. nevertheless, sadeghi has denied any consc...

In this study we have used a convergent and highly accurate mixed finite element technique to model the effect of fluid elasticity on the flow kinematics and the stress distribution in lid driven cavity flow. Our work is motivated by the desire to capture the important physical aspects of the basic flow and thus to better understand the purely elastic instability in recirculating flows which ha...

Si la littérature s’est beaucoup intéressée au complot, on doit aussi faire le constat inverse : complot progressivement intéressé à littérature. À partir du xxe siècle en effet, certains textes n’hésitent pas envisager des formes de dont l’outil principal serait fictions. Il est alors possible distinguer deux types récits qui supposent attitudes différentes lecteur les fictions littéraire – su...