Shield construction has the advantages of stable driving speed, saving manpower, and being able to carry out in complex strata, which been more widely used. In process shield construction, there is a gap between body segment, easy cause ground settlement when grouting speed cannot keep up. This paper summarizes common methods predict surface settlement, analyzes causes lists an engineering case...

tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. the predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. the commonly used earth pressure balance (epb) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

ground settlement due to the shallow tunneling in urban areas can have considerable implications for aboveground civilinfrastructures. engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel host ground including geotechnical parameters of surrounding soil,groundwater situation, and in situ stress condition are amongst the most important factors affecting settlement. in this research, groundsettle...

Our expert system aims at the optimum and fast plan making for shield-tunneling works. It is an expert system of applied design problems that integrates such advanced technologies as relational databases , AI, and computer-aided design (CAD). This expert system is able to design and draw a suitable shield machine with an automatic output of design calculations and also specify an optimum contro...

It is essential to choose suitable habitat when reintroducing a species into its former range. Habitat quality may influence an individual's dispersal decisions and also ultimately where they choose to settle. We examined whether variation in habitat quality (quantified by the level of ground vegetation cover and the installation of nest boxes) influenced the movement, habitat choice and surviv...

One of the main issues involved during tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines is the tail gap grouting. This gap is between the external diameter of tunnel lining and the excavation boundary that is filled with high-pressure grouting materials. In this work, three different approaches of gap grouting modeling in the FLAC3D software are investigated with a special attention to the...