A growing body of evidence suggests that uncertainty is counter cyclical, rising sharply in recessions and falling in booms. But what is the causal relationship between uncertainty and growth? To identify this we construct cross country panel data on stock market levels and volatility as proxies for the first and second moments of business conditions. We then use natural disasters, terrorist at...

The number of stock markets in African countries has doubled over the last 7years. Although these markets remain small and illiquid, they are growing rapidly, and will become an increasingly important part of many African economies. Using examples taken from experience in other developing regions and Africa’s recent past, this paper evaluates the common economic criticisms of stock markets and ...

Three hardwall container types, one styroblock container type, and two mesh-covered plugs were used to grow longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings at a nursery in Louisiana. In 2001, these container types, along with bare-root seedlings (from a different seed source), were outplanted on two old-field sites and two cutover sites. There were significant site by treatment interactions. Se...

estimation and mapping of forest resources are preconditions for management, planning and research. in this study, we applied kriging interpolation of geostatistics for estimation and mapping of forest stock at-tributes in a natural, uneven-aged, unmanaged forest in the caspian region of northern iran. the site of the study has an area of 516 ha and an elevation that ranges from 1100 to 1450 m ...

Estimates of carbon stock in forest plantations are generally based on allometric equations relating either carbon or biomass to diameter at breast height (DBH). These equations are usually based on measurement of the fresh mass of each tree with subsamples taken to determine moisture content to convert to dry weight. However, drying time and the number of sub-samples varies between studies. Fu...

The recent Keystone Symposium on Evolutionary Developmental Biology at Tahoe City in February 2011 provided an opportunity to take stock of where the past three decades have brought this interdisciplinary field. It revealed maturation on several fronts, including increased experimental rigor, the softening of dichotomies that were crucial to its founding and growth, and its growing relevance to...

Under increased scrutiny from top management and shareholders, marketing managers feel the need to measure and communicate the impact of their actions on shareholder returns. In particular, how do customer value creation (through product innovation) and customer value communication (through marketing investments) affect stock returns? This article examines, conceptually and empirically, how pro...

Financial markets all over the world have witnessed growing integration within as well as across boundaries, spurred by deregulation, globalization and advances in information technology. However, none of the researches have investigated the trading profitability of models that employed the financial market integration information as input variables especially in the case of day trading. Moreov...

Modellers of large-scale forestry scenario models face numerous challenges. Information and sub-models from different disciplines within forestry, along with statistical and mathematical methodology, have to be considered. The individual biological submodels (i.e. models for recruitment, growth and mortality) applied in large-scale forestry scenario models are in general well documented and ext...