It is well known that gut bacteria contribute significantly to the host homeostasis, providing a range of benefits such as immune protection and vitamin synthesis. They also supply the host with a considerable amount of nutrients, making this ecosystem an essential metabolic organ. In the context of increasing evidence of the link between the gut flora and the metabolic syndrome, understanding ...

Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr and F- strains were successively implanted in axenic chicks. Conjugation with exchanges of chromosomal genes occurred with high frequencies in the gut of the chicks and could continue as long as fertile strains coexisted in this environment. Almost all of the expected recombinant types were recovered in the feces under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, these ...

Probiotics are defined as live microbial food ingredients that produce several beneficial effects to human health. Probiotic bacteria have been mostly investigated in the prevention and treatment of different gastrointestinal diseases and allergies. Probiotic products, however, are usually consumed by the general, healthy population but not much is known on their immunomodulatory effects in hea...

Bacterial distribution in different developmental stages of house fly Muscadomesticavicina revealed that in the majority of maggots and prepupae, the hemolymph is sterile. Fat cells and trachea are like-wise sterile. Bacteria was distributed through the digestive tract of immature stages of the fly. In larvae/ the largest bacterial count was found in the fore gut then the hind gut and lastly th...

In a young evolving science, there are always more questions than answers. That is also the situation in the emerging field of Probiotics, and this was made very clear at the International Probiotics Workshop in Amsterdam. In the report of this workshop, we present a selection of the most urgent questions in the field of probiotics. In addition, we propose a few strategies for the future of pro...

Commensal microorganisms are not ignored by the intestinal immune system. Recent evidence shows that commensals actively participate in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis by interacting with intestinal epithelial cells and delivering tolerogenic signals that are transmitted to the underlying cells of the immune system.

Emerging data indicate that humans enjoy health through a productive collaboration with their colonizing flora, the majority of whom reside in the colon. This minireview provides a perspective on recent data and the exciting scientific challenges ahead.

Eighteen patients with urinary tract infection were treated with cephalexin orally. Absorption was variable, between 29 and 89% of the total daily dose being excreted in the urine in 24 hours. A significant number of patients became faecal carriers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with a control group who received no antibiotics. Four of the cephalexin-treated patients acquired a strain of Ps...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disease that is the most common type of dementia.ad includes 60_80% of dementia and most people with ad have more than 65 years old.ad causes losing neuronal activity by abnormal proteins. plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of “tau” protein can lead to ad. recently evidence has found that ad may come from outside of central nervous system (cns) a...