Abnormal looking cervix, or suspicious cervix, is a common clinical condition seen in gynecological practice. Colposcopic examination of the cervix allows differentiation between physiologic changes that occur in response to normal cyclic variations in hormone secretion and a variety of structural and pathological conditions. This article addresses some of these common clinical problems and pro...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of women about the main maternal risk factors in pregnancy and to identify the factors linked to the main outcomes of interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 513 pregnant women randomly selected from the gynecological ambulatory services of five hospitals located...

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the predisposing factors regarding the utilization of the Pap smears in the population seen in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Mexico METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1997 through December 1998 in Mexico city. A questionnaire was applied to a total of 2,107 women of reproductive age who attended a family planning program an...

James Marion Sims [5] developed a surgical cure for ruptures of the wall separating the bladder from the vagina [6] during labor, ruptures called vesico-vaginal fistulas, and he developed techniques and tools used to improve reproductive examinations and health care for women in the US during the nineteenth century. Sims's lateral examination position allowed doctors to better see the vaginal c...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of orally administered capsules containing the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 (Lactogyn, JGL, Rijeka, Croatia) compared to placebo in otherwise healthy women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial, including a total of 544 subjects. Included were...

OBJECTIVE The study was planned with the purpose of examining the attitude of women who have pap-smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, factors affecting their decisions and their feelings and experiences during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phenomenological method was used. Data were collected between March 2012 and April 2012 using standard and purposive samplings fro...

PATIENTS OFTEN REPORT anxiety related to undergoing a variety of invasive procedures, and the gynecologic examination is one of the most common of these procedures (Domar, 1985; Hilden, Sidenius, Langhoff-Roos, Wijma, & Schei, 2003; Reddy & Wasserman, 1997). For some invasive procedures, medications may be given to reduce patient anxiety levels, but often, nonpharmacologic interventions for anx...