The removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) by antioxidants has been proven to be beneficial to patients with vitiligo. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) has antioxidant activity and has great preventive and therapeutical effect in many oxidative stress-relevant diseases. Whether ASA can protect human melanocytes against oxidative stress needs to be further studied. Here, we investigated the po...

H2 and O2 were produced in a twin reactor with two compartments divided by a Nafion membrane. Ce3+ and Ce4+ are adopted as redox mediator, which transferred the electron and holes between H2-evolving catalyst(Pt/SrTiO3:Rh) and O2 evolving catalyst (BiVO4). The optimal pH in the twin reactor was 1. Water splitting under Ce3+/Ce4+ equilibrium concentrations between two compartments gave the highe...

We previously reported electrochemically reduced water (ERW), produced near the cathode by electrolysis, exhibits reductive activity. We also revealed that ERW contains Pt nanoparticles (Pt nps) derived from Pt-coated titanium electrodes in addition to high concentration of dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2) by in vitro assay, and Pt nps exhibit powerful ROS scavenger activity and catalysis acti...

In the fuel cell, however, this simple chemical reaction is prevented by the electrolyte that separates the fuel (H2) from the oxidant (O2). The electrolyte serves as a barrier to gas diffusion, but permits ion transport. Accordingly, half cell reactions occur at the anode and cathode, producing ions that can traverse the electrolyte. For example, if the electrolyte conducts protons, H2 will be...

In order to find some basis of salinity resistance in the chloroplastic metabolism, a halophytic Thellungiella salsuginea was compared with glycophytic Arabidopsis thaliana. In control T.s. plants the increased ratios of chlorophyll a/b and of fluorescence emission at 77 K (F730 /F685 ) were documented, in comparison to A.t.. This was accompanied by a higher YII and lower NPQ (non-photochemical...

In a recent publication, we used a reaction model (model III) to calculate the heat defect for the irradiation of aqueous solutions with ionizing radiation at 21 °C. Subsequent work has revealed that the literature value used for one of the rate constants in the model was incorrect. A revised model (model IIIR) incorporates the correct rate constant for 21 °C. Versions of models III and IIIR we...

The kinetic mechanism of the unidirectional H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids has been investigated with highly purified enzyme. Measurements of the Km for H2 vary from 0.97 to 2.6 microM, and the Km for methylene blue varies from 6 to 17 microM. With H2 and methylene blue as substrates, the initial velocity patterns are intersecting. High levels of methylene blue are inhi...

A fully atomistic simulation study is reported to provide mechanistic insight into the superior performance experimentally observed for a polymer membrane (Carta et al., Science, 2013, 339, 303-307). The membrane namely PIM-EA-TB is produced by a shape-persistent ladder polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) with rigid bridged bicyclic ethanoanthracene (EA) and Tröger's base (TB). The simulat...

Catalytic conversion of NO in the presence of H2 and O2 has been studied on Pd(111) surfaces, by using molecular beam instrument with mass spectrometry detection, as a function of temperature and reactants composition. N2 and H2O are the major products observed along with NH3 and N2O minor products under all conditions studied. Particular attention has been paid to the influence of O2 addition ...

Solar-to-hydrogen photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) have been proposed as a means of converting sunlight into H2 fuel. However, in traditional PECs, the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction are coupled, and so the rate of both of these is limited by the photocurrents that can be generated from the solar flux. This in turn leads to slow rates of gas evolution that favor ...