For the past several decades, there has been growing concern regarding the safety and health of healthcare workers who are occupationally exposed to chemotherapy and other drugs. The activities that create greatest risk are preparing and administering antineoplastic agents, cleaning up chemotherapy spills, and handling patient excreta. This article will review the potential adverse health effec...

Many healthcare workers are concerned about the risk of occupational exposures to hazardous drugs. Since Falck [Falck et al.,1979] reported that mutagens were detected in the urine samples of nurses involved in chemotherapy, many reports have been published about the presence of urinary mutagen [Roth et al.,1994; Burgaz et al.,1999; Kasuba et al.,1999; Lanza et al.,1999; Jakab et al.,2001; Kopj...

Bi-Objective Modelling for Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem with Railway Schedule-Based Space-Time Constraints.[...].