Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a heterodimeric hormone consisting of an alpha (a) and a beta (β) subunit, is used as a marker for the diagnosis of pregnancy, congenital defects, and choriocarcinoma. After excluding the common causes of elevated serum hCG, laboratory identification of false-positive or true results assists in guiding clinical management. Options include testing urine for hC...

In an attempt to localize topographic domains specific to native human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), we studied the discontinuous antigenic regions recognized by a monoclonal anti-hCG antibody designated as C8 which binds only to hCG and does not cross-react with either the free hCG-alpha and hCG-beta subunits or other glycoprotein hormones. Using two-site monoclonal immunoradiometric assays (M...

A clonal strain of human lung tumor cells in culture (ChaGo), derived from a bronchogenic carcinoma, synthesizes and secretes large amounts of alpha (alpha) and a comparatively lower level of beta (beta) subunit of the glycoprotein hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). ChaGo cells lost their characteristic anchorage-independent growth phenotype in the presence of anti-alpha-HCG antibody....

Pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it works as an autocrine hormone. In this work, we demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) added to JEG-3 cell line or to placental explants induces endogenous leptin expression. We also found that hCG increased cAMP intracellular levels in BeWo cells in a dose-depe...

Successful embryo development requires an extensive endometrial angiogenesis in proximity of implantation site. The glycoprotein hCG is produced even before implantation by trophoblast in normal pregnancy. In this manuscript, we demonstrate an angiogenic effect of hCG in several in vivo (chick chorioallantoïc membrane, matrigel plug assay, aortic ring assay) and in vitro experimental models. In...

HCG is composed of two subunits, HCGalpha and HCGbeta. During early pregnancy, HCG stimulates progesterone production in the corpus luteum, and injection of HCG is widely used to induce ovulation in assisted reproduction treatment (ART). Under experimental conditions, the free subunits have been shown to exert functions other than those of HCG, but the relevance of these remains to be determine...

Background: Amenorrhea and extraplacental production of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), particularly in young women, can mimic a pregnancy unknown location. Elevated hCG the absence pose diagnostic dilemma has led to potentially harmful unwarranted interventions including chemotherapeutic agents like methotrexate or have delay necessary medical women. We report case demonstrate that a...

A theoretical study of differences in broadband high-index-contrast grating (HCG) reflectors for TM and TE polarizations is presented, covering various grating parameters and properties of HCGs. It is shown that the HCG reflectors for TM polarization (TM HCG reflectors) have much thicker grating thicknesses and smaller grating periods than the TE HCG reflectors. This difference is found to orig...

OBJECTIVE To examine the properties of the unique degraded forms of hCG produced in familial hCG syndrome and to describe 15 cases referred to the USA hCG Reference Service. STUDY DESIGN Total hCG was detected by Immulite total hCG assay. The molecules missing the beta-subunit C-terminal peptide were detected by the Centaur total hCG assay; the proportion of molecules missing the beta-subunit...

This paper focuses on the indirect adaptive tracking control of renewable energy sources in a grid-connected hybrid power system. The renewable energy systems have low efficiency and intermittent nature due to unpredictable meteorological conditions. The domestic load and the conventional charging stations behave in an uncertain manner. To operate the renewable energy sources efficiently for ha...