Punjab is the largest province of Pakistan with a population of over 85 million. Provision of equal access to primary healthcare is a mammoth task in this developing country with well known resource constraints. Punjab has a network of 2748 primary healthcare (PHC) facilities spread over an area of 205,345 km2. The Punjab government has initiated a two-year Health Sector Reforms Programme (HSRP...

The Mexican health system has evolved through three generations of reform. The creation of the Ministry of Health and the main social security agency in 1943 marked the first generation of health reforms. In the late 1970s, a second generation of reforms was launched around the primary health-care model. Third-generation reforms favour systemic changes to reorganise the system through the horiz...

Latin American national health systems were drastically overhauled by the health sector reforms the 1990s. Governments were urged by donors and by the international financial institutions to make major institutional changes, including the separation of purchaser and provider functions and privatization. This article first analyses a striking paradox of the far-reaching reform measures: contrary...

The Indian banking sector has undergone rapid transformation since 1991—the year India started a series of economic reforms. As part of the reforms, along with public sector banks, private sector banks started operations in the country. Due to the rapid reforms of the banking sector and the increased competition, Indian banks are now featured prominently on the global stage. Estimates indicate ...

The Chilean health care system has been intensively reformed in the past 20 years. Reforms under the Pinochet government (1973-1990) aimed mainly at the decentralization of the system and the development of a private sector. Decentralization involved both a deconcentration process and the devolution of primary health care to municipalities. The democratic governments after 1990 chose to preserv...

We study the wage structure during economic transition in the context of Chinese cities and examine the effect of China’s urban housing reforms on the urban wage structure (1988-2005). We find that these reforms, which untied access to housing from state-sector employment, shifted approximately 17% of the labor force from the state sector to the private sector, increasing the private sector lab...

Over the last thirty years, international organizations have invested heavily in efforts aimed at increasing the provision and improving the efficacy of public services within developing countries. Health sector decentralization have been one of the most common manifestations of this effort to reform governance. However, generalizing about appropriate methodology for evaluating and identifying ...

The present study used different categories of organized sector manufacturing industries pooled data for the periods of 1981-82 and 2007-08 in Haryana state (India). The present undertaking seeks to analyze the inter-temporal and inter-industry comparison of total factor productivity (TFP) measured by Malmquist productivity index - an application of DEA which calculates the indices of TFP and i...