Precipitation is a well known phenomenon. If the pH of it is less than 5.6 precipitations are considered as acidic else it is alkaline. Basically soil is alkaline in nature. Recently man’s activities have increased emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur results in increase in acidity of atmosphere. When these gases react with different elements in the atmosphere the acids are re-introduced...

4.2 Acid Deposition Acid rain was first identified in the 19th century, when English pharmacist Robert Angus Smith measured high acidity levels in rain falling over industrial regions of England and much lower levels in less-polluted areas near the coast. However, this pattern did not receive sustained attention until biologists began to notice sharp declines in fish populations in lakes in Nor...

In the Colorado State University general circulation model, cumulus detrainment of cloud water and cloud ice has been, up to now, the only direct coupling between convective and large-scale condensation processes. This one-way interaction from the convective to the large-scale environment parameterizes, in a highly simplified manner, the growth of anvils spreading horizontally at the tops of na...

Southern Africa has been identified as one of the hotspot areas climate extremes increasing, at same time many communities in region are dependent on rain-fed agriculture, which is vulnerable to these rainfall and temperature extremes. The aim this study understand changes extreme indices during agricultural season under change how that affect modeling maize suitability Africa. We analyze its (...

When rain falls on an existing cover of snow, followed by low temperatures, or as freezing rain, it can leave a hard crust. These Arctic snow (ROS) events profoundly influence the environment and in turn, human livelihoods. Impacts be immediate (e.g. travel, herding, harvesting) evolve accumulate, leading to massive starvation-induced die-offs reindeer, caribou, musk oxen, for example. We provi...

Acid rain is any precipitation with a very low pH, whereas normal water slightly acidic pH range of 5-6, but the level falls below this range, becoming acid rain. It happens as result wet and dry deposition from atmosphere chemical pollutants emitted by various human activities. Dry more frequent effective than deposition. was found that leading cause emission gaseous oxides sulfur, nitrogen ca...