INTRODUCTION Computed Muscle Control (CMC) is an efficient method for estimating muscle activations and forces from kinematic and ground reaction force data [1]. However, it can fail to replicate some muscle activation characteristics found in electromographic (EMG) recordings. For instance, muscles often activate in anticipation of events such as heel strike, and these anticiptory responses ar...

The diminished knee flexion associated with stiff-knee gait, a movement abnormality commonly observed in persons with cerebral palsy, is thought to be caused by an over-active rectus femoris muscle producing an excessive knee extension moment during the swing phase of gait. As a result, treatment for stiff-knee gait is aimed at altering swing-phase muscle function. Unfortunately, this treatment...

The front row of a rugby union scrum consists of three players. The loose head prop, hooker and tight head prop. The objective of this study was to determine if known biomechanical risk factors for triceps surae muscle injury are exhibited in the lower limb of front row players during contested scrummaging. Eleven high performance front row rugby union players were landmarked bilaterally at the...

Stiff-knee gait is a movement abnormality in which knee flexion during swing phase is significantly diminished. This study investigates the relationships between knee flexion velocity at toe-off, joint moments during swing phase and double support, and improvements in stiff-knee gait following rectus femoris transfer surgery in subjects with cerebral palsy. Forty subjects who underwent a rectus...

Background Definition and clinical diagnosis of instability in TKA is challenging. Sensitive objective biomechanical tools to aid are currently lacking. This proof-of-concept study evaluates the use pressure mat analyses identify abnormal loading patterns associated with within an outpatient setting. Methods Twenty participants were examined: 10 patients suspected unilateral healthy controls. P...

To analyse and interpret gait patterns in pathological paediatric populations, accurate determination of the timing specific events (e.g. initial contract – IC, or toe-off TO) is essential. As currently used clinical identification methods are generally subjective, time-consuming, limited to steps with force platform data, several techniques have been proposed based on processing marker kinemat...

"Walking-Mode Maps", based on Slip/Non-Slip criteria, are proposed. Slip/Non-Slip criteria are expressed as follows: for a slip to occur: |F(h)/F(n)|(h) > or = mu(s) or |F(h)/F(n)|(t) > or = mu(s); for no slip to occur: |F(h)/F(n)|(h) < mu(s) or |F(h)/F(n)|(t) < mu(s). |F(h)/F(n)|(h) and |F(h)/F(n)|(t) are the maximum peak value of the traction coefficient at heel-strike and toe-off respectivel...

cumin (cuminum cyminum) is an annual suitable for the dry and semi-dry areas of iran. recently, farmers have chosen to plant cumin because it requires less water and growth time. however, at harvest time, the resistance of cumin seed to shatter is low and, if careful attention is not paid to this fact, a major portion of the crop can be lost. when the connection force of the seed decreases, see...

background: the dosimetric performance of eclipse 6.5 three dimensional treatment planning system (3dtps) is evaluated by comparing the calculated and measured dose in two dimensions following the guide lines of american association for physicists in medicine task group 53. materials and methods: the calculations were performed by the 3dtps for symmetric as well as asymmetric fields for standar...

OBJECTIVE There is concern about the quality of the distal anastomosis in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. We investigated the impact of specific construction errors on anastomotic geometry using epicardial ultrasound. METHODS Twelve ex vivo pressure perfused porcine and five isolated post-mortem human hearts were used to construct 35 internal mammary artery to coronary artery anasto...